Airport Planning Manual
Embraer 170
EMBRAERS.A-P.O. BOX 8050 12227-901 SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS - S.P. BRAZIL PHONE:++55123927-7517 FAX:++55123927-7546 http://www.embraer.com e-mail: [email protected] AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL In connection with the use of this document, Embraer does not provide any express or implied warranties and expressly disclaims any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. This document contains trade secrets, confidential, proprietary information of Embraer and technical data subject to U.S. Export Administration Regulation (″EAR″) and other countries export control laws and regulations. Diversion contrary to the EAR and other laws regulations is strictly forbidden. The above restrictions may apply to data on all pages of this document. APM-1346 08 DECEMBER 2003 REVISION 17 - 09 OCTOBER 2015 Copyright © 2015 by EMBRAER S.A. All rights reserved.
EMBRAERS.A. AV. BRIGADEIRO FARIALIMA, 2.170 - CAIXA POSTAL 8050 - TELEFONE (55) 12 39277517 FAX (55) 12 39277546 - CEP 12.227-901 - SÃO JOSÉ DOS CAMPOS - SÃO PAULO - BRASIL e-mail: [email protected] - http://www.embraer.com TO: HOLDERS OF PUBLICATION No. APM-1346 - ″AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL″. FRONTMATTER-REVISIONNo.17DATEDOCTOBER09/2015 Pages which have been added, revised, or deleted by the current revision are indicated by an asterisk, on the List of Effective Pages. This issue incorporates all preceding Temporary Revisions (if any). Modifications introduced by this revision are all editorial in nature, with no technical implications, they not being therefore highlighted and no substantiation source being presented herein. HIGHLIGHTS Page1of2 Oct 09/15
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RECORDOFREVISIONS The user must update the Record of Revisions when a revision is put into the manual. REV ISSUE DATE BY REV ISSUE DATE BY No. DATE INSERTED No. DATE INSERTED RETAIN THIS RECORD IN THE FRONT OF MANUALOR CHAPTER. ONRECEIPTOFREVISIONS,INSERTREVISEDPAGESINTHEMANUAL,ANDENTERREVISIONNUMBER,DATE INSERTEDANDINITIALS. w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RECORDOFTEMPORARYREVISIONS Temporary Page Issued By Date By Rev. No. Number Date Removed w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TEMPORARYREVISIONSTATUSREPORT This list is intended to show the operator which temporary revisions are applicable to his fleet. The list consists of the temporary revision number, the related issue date, the incorporation date, and the affected subject. S* INDICATES TR HAS BEEN SUPERSEDED BY THE TR REFERRED TO. EFFECTIVITY: ALL TRSTATUSREPORT Page 1 / 2 w-apm1346 Oct 22/07
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LIST OF SERVICE BULLETINS This list is intended to let the operator know which Service Bulletins are incorporated to the APM. Thelist consists of the Service Bulletin numbers and the respective revisions (if applicable), the affected section (s) (APM Section Number), information on whether the Service Bulletin affects the manual, the aircraft (Effectivity) affected by the Service Bulletins and the incorporation date. Arevision bar is placed on the left margin of the list whenever data are inserted or revised. NOTE: The effectivity is indicated by means of two numerical groups separated by a dash. The first group presented in the effectivity column corresponds to the last digits of the lowest aircraft designation number to indicate the beginning of the effectivity, and the second group corre- sponds to the last digits of the highest aircraft designation number to indicate the end of the effectivity. SERVICE BULLETIN APMSECTION INCORPORATION EFFECTIVITY NUMBER NUMBER DATE SB170-53-0080/00 02-1 Oct 07/2014 170:00007-00029, 00045-00047 LIST OF SERVICE BULLETINS Page 1 / 2 Oct 09/15 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL Title Section 3 3-1 ................................. Jan09/06 BLOCK PAGEREVISION TRList 3-2 ................................. Jan09/06 1 .................................... Oct22/07 3-3 ................................. Oct31/12 2 Blank ............................ Oct22/07 3-4 ................................. Oct31/12 SBList 3-5 ................................. Oct31/12 * 1 (rev) ............................. Oct09/15 3-6 ................................. Oct31/12 2 Blank ............................ Jan09/06 3-7 ................................. Oct31/12 List of Effective Pages 3-8 ................................. Oct07/14 * 1 (rev) ............................. Oct09/15 3-9 ................................. Oct07/14 * 2 (rev) ............................. Oct09/15 3-10 ................................ Oct07/14 Table of Contents 3-11 ................................ Oct07/14 1 .................................... Oct31/12 3-12 ................................ Oct07/14 2 .................................... Jan09/06 3-13 ................................ Oct07/14 List of Tables 3-14 ................................ Oct07/14 1 .................................... Dec18/06 3-15 ................................ Oct07/14 2 Blank ............................ Dec08/03 3-16 ................................ Oct31/12 List of Figures 3-17 ................................ Oct31/12 1 .................................... Oct31/12 3-18 ................................ Oct31/12 2 .................................... Oct31/12 3-19 ................................ Oct31/12 3 .................................... Oct31/12 3-20 ................................ Oct31/12 4 Blank ............................ Dec08/03 Section 4 Section 1 4-1 ................................. Oct07/08 1-1 ................................. Jan09/06 4-2 ................................. Oct07/08 1-2 ................................. Oct06/11 4-3 ................................. Oct07/08 1-3 ................................. Oct06/11 4-4 ................................. Jul01/05 1-4 Blank .......................... Dec08/03 4-5 ................................. Oct07/08 Section 2 4-6 ................................. Dec08/03 2-1 ................................. Oct07/08 4-7 ................................. Dec08/03 2-2 ................................. Oct06/11 4-8 ................................. Dec08/03 2-3 ................................. Oct07/08 4-9 ................................. Dec08/03 2-4 ................................. May11/07 4-10 Blank ........................ Dec08/03 2-5 ................................. Dec08/03 Section 5 2-6 ................................. Jan09/06 5-1 ................................. Dec08/03 2-7 ................................. Jan09/06 5-2 ................................. Dec08/03 2-8 ................................. Jan09/06 5-3 ................................. Dec08/03 * 2-9 (rev) ........................... Oct09/15 5-4 ................................. Dec08/03 2-10 ................................ Oct07/08 5-5 ................................. May11/07 2-11 ................................ Dec18/04 5-6 ................................. Dec08/03 2-12 ................................ Dec18/04 5-7 ................................. May11/07 2-13 ................................ Dec18/04 5-8 ................................. May11/07 2-14 ................................ Jun29/06 5-9 ................................. Oct06/11 2-15 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 5-10 ................................ Oct06/11 2-16 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 5-11 ................................ Oct06/11 2-17 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 5-12 ................................ Oct06/11 2-18 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 5-13 ................................ Oct06/11 2-19 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 5-14 Blank ........................ Oct06/11 2-20 (del) .......................... Dec18/04 Section 6 Pages revised or added by the current revision are indicated by an asterisk (*). Pages deleted by the current revision are indicated by * (del). Pages deleted by the previous revision are indicated by (del). EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES REV. 17 Page 1 Oct 09/15 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6-1 ................................. Dec08/03 9-6 ................................. Dec08/03 6-2 ................................. Dec08/03 6-3 ................................. Dec08/03 6-4 ................................. Dec08/03 6-5 ................................. Dec08/03 6-6 ................................. Jan09/06 6-7 ................................. Jan09/06 6-8 ................................. Dec18/06 6-9 ................................. Jan09/06 6-10 ................................ Oct07/10 6-11 ................................ Oct07/10 6-12 Blank ........................ Oct07/10 Section 7 7-1 ................................. Dec08/03 7-2 ................................. Jul01/05 7-3 ................................. Jul01/05 7-4 ................................. Jul01/05 7-5 ................................. Dec08/03 7-6 ................................. Dec08/03 7-7 ................................. Jul01/05 7-8 ................................. Dec08/03 7-9 ................................. Dec08/03 7-10 ................................ Jul01/05 7-11 ................................ Dec08/03 7-12 ................................ Dec08/03 7-13 ................................ Jul01/05 7-14 ................................ Dec08/03 7-15 ................................ Dec08/03 7-16 ................................ Dec08/03 7-17 ................................ Dec08/03 7-18 ................................ Jul01/05 7-19 ................................ Dec08/03 7-20 ................................ Dec08/03 7-21 ................................ Oct06/11 7-22 ................................ Oct06/11 7-23 ................................ Oct06/11 7-24 ................................ Oct06/11 7-25 ................................ Oct06/11 7-26 Blank ........................ Oct06/11 Section 8 8-1 ................................. Dec08/03 8-2 Blank .......................... Dec08/03 Section 9 9-1 ................................. Dec08/03 9-2 ................................. Dec08/03 9-3 ................................. Dec08/03 9-4 ................................. Dec08/03 9-5 ................................. Dec08/03 Pages revised or added by the current revision are indicated by an asterisk (*). Pages deleted by the current revision are indicated by * (del). Pages deleted by the previous revision are indicated by (del). EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES REV. 17 Page 2 Oct 09/15 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 - SCOPE 1. Scope .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1. Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.3. Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. 1-2 SECTION 2 - AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION 2. Aircraft Description .......................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1. Aircraft Characteristics .................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2. General Aircraft Dimensions ............................................................................................ 2-3 2.3. Ground Clearances ......................................................................................................... 2-5 2.4. Interior Arrangement ........................................................................................................ 2-8 2.5. Passenger Cabin Cross Section ..................................................................................... 2-11 2.6. Lower Compartment Containers ...................................................................................... 2-13 2.7. Door Clearances ............................................................................................................. 2-14 SECTION 3 - AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 3. Aircraft Performance ....................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1. General Information ......................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2. Payload X Range ............................................................................................................ 3-2 3.3. Takeoff Field Lengths ...................................................................................................... 3-7 3.4. Landing Field Lengths ..................................................................................................... 3-16 SECTION 4 - GROUND MANEUVERING 4. Ground Maneuvering ....................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1. General Information ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2. Turning Radii ................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.3. Minimum Turning Radii ................................................................................................... 4-3 4.4. Visibility From Cockpit ..................................................................................................... 4-4 4.5. Runway and Taxiway Dimensions ................................................................................... 4-5 4.6. Runway Holding Bay ....................................................................................................... 4-9 SECTION5-TERMINALSERVICING 5. Terminal Servicing ........................................................................................................... 5-1 5.1. Aircraft Servicing Arrangement ........................................................................................ 5-2 5.2. Terminal Operations - Turnaround Station ....................................................................... 5-4 5.3. Terminal Operations - En Route Station .......................................................................... 5-6 5.4. Ground Servicing Connections ........................................................................................ 5-7 5.5. Engine Starting Pneumatic Requirements ....................................................................... 5-9 5.6. Ground Pneumatic Power Requirements ........................................................................ 5-10 5.7. Preconditioned Airflow Requirements .............................................................................. 5-11 5.8. Ground Towing Requirements ......................................................................................... 5-13 EFFECTIVITY: ALL TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 w-apm1346 Oct 31/12
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL SECTION 6 - OPERATING CONDITIONS 6. Operating Conditions ....................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1. Engine Exhaust Velocities and Temperatures .................................................................. 6-2 6.2. Airport and Community Noise ......................................................................................... 6-8 6.3. HazardAreas .................................................................................................................. 6-9 SECTION 7 - PAVEMENT DATA 7. Pavement Data ............................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1. General Information ......................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2. Footprint .......................................................................................................................... 7-2 7.3. Maximum Pavement Loads ............................................................................................. 7-3 7.4. Landing Gear Loading on Pavement ............................................................................... 7-4 7.5. Flexible Pavement Requirements, U.S. Corps of Engineers Design Method .................. 7-5 7.6. Flexible Pavement Requirements, LCN Method .............................................................. 7-8 7.7. Rigid Pavement Requirements, Portland Cement Association Design Method ............... 7-11 7.8. Rigid Pavement Requirements, LCN Method .................................................................. 7-14 7.9. ACN-PCNSystem-Flexible and Rigid Pavements ...................................................... 7-19 SECTION 8 - POSSIBLE EMBRAER 170 DERIVATIVEAIRCRAFT 8. Possible EMBRAER 170 Derivative Aircraft .................................................................... 8-1 8.1. Not Applicable ................................................................................................................. 8-1 SECTION 9 - SCALED DRAWINGS 9. Scaled Drawings ............................................................................................................. 9-1 9.1. General ........................................................................................................................... 9-1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE SECTION PAGE 1.1 APMArrangement.................................................................................. 01 1 2.1 Aircraft General Characteristics ............................................................. 02 2 2.2 Aircraft General Characteristics ............................................................. 02 2 2.3 Ground Clearance - STD Aircraft Model................................................ 02 6 2.4 Ground Clearance - LR, SU or SE Aircraft Models............................... 02 7 2.5 Capacity of the Cargo Compartment ..................................................... 02 10 3.1 ISA.......................................................................................................... 03 1 4.1 Reference Codes.................................................................................... 04 5 7.1 Pavement Evaluation.............................................................................. 07 19 EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF TABLES Page 1 / 2 w-apm1346 Dec18/06
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE SHEET SECTION PAGE 2.1 General Aircraft Dimensions................................................. 02 4 2.2 Ground Clearances............................................................... 02 5 2.3 Typical Interior Arrangements ............................................... 02 9 2.4 Economy Class Passenger Cabin Cross-Section................. 02 11 2.5 First Class Passenger Cabin Cross-Section......................... 02 12 2.6 Door Dimensions................................................................... 02 14 3.1 Payload x Range - ISA Conditions....................................... 03 3 3.2 Payload x Range - ISA + 10 °C Conditions ......................... 03 4 3.3 Payload x Range - ISA Conditions....................................... 03 5 3.4 Payload x Range - ISA + 10 °C Conditions ......................... 03 6 3.5 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions ................................ 03 8 3.6 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions................... 03 9 3.7 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions ................................ 03 10 3.8 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions................... 03 11 3.9 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions ................................ 03 12 3.10 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions................... 03 13 3.11 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions ................................ 03 14 3.12 Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions................... 03 15 3.13 Landing Field Lengths - Flaps 5........................................... 03 17 3.14 Landing Field Lengths - Flaps Full ....................................... 03 18 3.15 Landing Field Lengths - Flaps 5........................................... 03 19 3.16 Landing Field Lengths - Flaps Full ....................................... 03 20 4.1 Turning Radii - No Slip Angle ............................................... 04 2 4.2 Minimum Turning Radius...................................................... 04 3 4.3 Visibility from Cockpit in Static Position................................ 04 4 4.4 More than 90° Turn - Runway to Taxiway............................ 04 6 4.5 90° Turn - Runway to Taxiway.............................................. 04 7 4.6 90° Turn - Taxiway to Taxiway.............................................. 04 8 EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF FIGURES Page 1 w-apm1346 Oct 31/12
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL FIGURE TITLE SHEET SECTION PAGE 4.7 Runway Holding Bay............................................................. 04 9 5.1 Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Stairs........ 05 2 5.2 Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Bridge....... 05 3 5.3 Air Terminal Operation - Turnaround Station........................ 05 5 5.4 Ground Servicing Connections............................................. 05 7 5.5 Ground Servicing Connections............................................. 05 8 5.6 Engine Starting Pneumatic Requirements............................ 05 9 5.7 Ground Pneumatic Power Requirements............................. 05 10 5.8 Preconditioned Airflow Requirements................................... 05 12 5.9 Ground Towing Requirements............................................... 05 13 6.1 Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Takeoff Power............................ 06 2 6.2 Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Takeoff Power.................... 06 3 6.3 Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Ground Idle................................ 06 4 6.4 Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Ground Idle........................ 06 5 6.5 Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Breakaway Power...................... 06 6 6.6 Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Breakaway Power.............. 06 7 6.7 Hazard Areas - Takeoff Power.............................................. 06 9 6.8 Hazard Areas - Ground Idle.................................................. 06 10 6.9 Hazard Areas - Breakaway Power........................................ 06 11 7.1 Footprint ................................................................................ 07 2 7.2 Maximum Pavement Loads................................................... 07 3 7.3 Landing Gear Loading on Pavement.................................... 07 4 7.4 Flexible Pavement Requirements - US Army Corps of En- gineers Design Method......................................................... 07 6 7.5 Flexible Pavement Requirements - US Army Corps of En- gineers Design Method......................................................... 07 7 7.6 Flexible Pavement Requirements - LCN Method................. 07 9 7.7 Flexible Pavement Requirements - LCN Method................. 07 10 7.8 Rigid Pavement Requirements - Portland Cement Associa- tion Design Method............................................................... 07 12 EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF FIGURES Page 2 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL FIGURE TITLE SHEET SECTION PAGE 7.9 Rigid Pavement Requirements - Portland Cement Associa- tion Design Method............................................................... 07 13 7.10 Radius of Relative Stiffness.................................................. 07 15 7.11 Radius of Relative Stiffness (other values)........................... 07 16 7.12 Rigid Pavement Requirements - LCN Method..................... 07 17 7.13 Rigid Pavement Requirements - LCN Method..................... 07 18 7.14 ACNFor Flexible Pavement................................................. 07 20 7.15 ACNFor Flexible Pavement................................................. 07 21 7.16 ACNFor Flexible Pavement................................................. 07 22 7.17 ACNFor Rigid Pavement...................................................... 07 23 7.18 ACNFor Rigid Pavement...................................................... 07 24 7.19 ACNFor Rigid Pavement...................................................... 07 25 9.1 Scale: 1 Inch Equals 32 Feet................................................ 09 2 9.2 Scale: 1 Inch Equals 50 Feet................................................ 09 3 9.3 Scale: 1 Inch Equals 100 Feet.............................................. 09 4 9.4 Scale: 1 to 500...................................................................... 09 5 9.5 Scale: 1 to 1000.................................................................... 09 6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL LIST OF FIGURES Page 3 / 4 w-apm1346 Oct 31/12
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1. SCOPE 1.1. PURPOSE This document provides airplane characteristics for general airport planning. Since the operational practices vary among the airlines, specific data should be coordinated with the using airlines before the facility design is made. EMBRAERshould be contacted for any additional information required. 1.2. INTRODUCTION TheAPMhasbeenprepared in accordance with NAS 3601. It provides aircraft characteristics for general airport planning, airport operators, airlines, and engineer- ing consultant organizations. TheAPMis arranged as shown in the table below: Table 1.1 - APM Arrangement ARRANGEMENTS CONTENTS Title Page Costumer Comment Form Highlights Record of Revision Sheet Manual Front Matter Temporary Revision Sheet List of Service Bulletins List of Effective Pages Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Scope Aircraft Description Aircraft Performance Ground Maneuvering Section Terminal Servicing Operating Conditions Pavement Data Possible Derivative Aircraft Scaled Drawings The front matter for the whole manual contains: • Title Page: Shows the manufacturer’s masthead, identification of the manual, the initial issue date, and revision number and date. • Highlights: Advises the operator on the revised pages. • Record of Revisions Sheet: Lists the successive revision numbers, issue date, insertion date and incorporators initials, which must be kept current by the operator. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 1 Page 1-1 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL List of Service Bulletins: Lists the Service Bulletins, including all issued revisions, which affect the • manual as well as the affected section(s) (APM Section Number), the aircraft affected by the Service Bulletin, and the date of incorporation of the SB in the manual. • Temporary Revision Sheet: Lists the temporary revision numbers, page number, issue date, person responsible for the insertion and insertion date. • List of Effective Pages: Lists all sections and their list of effective pages with the latest issue dates. • Queries concerning any printed material, including purchasing, copying, shipping and handling, complaints, or compliments may be addressed to: Technical Publications Distribution: Embraer S.A. Attention of: Technical Publications Department P.O. BOX 8050 CEP. 12.227-901- São José dos Campos - SP - Brazil Phone: (55 12) 3927-7517 FAX: (55 12) 3927-7546 http://www.embraer.com e-mail: [email protected] • For support regarding technical information contained in non-operational publication, please contact: Routine Issues: Contact Embraer Customer Support Service AOGIssues: Contact Embraer AOG group directly • For Digital Technical Publications support: [email protected] 1.2.1. Revisions Embraer may revise this manual periodically as required to update information or provide information not available at the time of printing. Revised data may result from Embraer approved aircraft modifications and new available options. Changestothetext are indicated by a black bar in the page left-side margin, beside the revised, added, or deleted material. Relocated or rearranged text or illustrations will be indicated by a black bar beside the page number. 1.3. ABBREVIATIONS This list gives all the abbreviations, acronyms and measurement units used in this manual with their definitions. Table 1.2 - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations used in the APM ACRONYMSANDABBREVIATIONS DESCRIPTION °C Degree Celsius °F Degree Fahrenheit Liter ACN Aircraft Classification Number AFM Airplane Flight Manual AOM Airplane Operations Manual EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 1 Page 1-2 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL Table 1.2 - List of Acronyms and Abbreviations used in the APM ACRONYMSANDABBREVIATIONS DESCRIPTION APM Airport Planning Manual APU Auxiliary Power Unit ATTCS Automatic Takeoff-Thrust Control-System BOW Basic Operating Weight CBR California Bearing Ratio ECS Environmental Control System FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAR Federal Aviation Regulations FWD Forward GEAE General Electric Aircraft Engines ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ISA International Standard Atmosphere JAR Joint Aviation Requirements LCN Load Classification Number LH Left-Hand LR Long Range MLW Maximum Landing Weight MRW Maximum Ramp Weight MTOW Maximum Takeoff Weight MZFW Maximum Zero Fuel Weight N Newton RBHA Requisitos Brasileiros de Homologação Aeronáutica RH Right-Hand STD Standard dBA A-Weighted Decibel ft Foot 2 ft Square Foot 3 ft Cubic Foot gal. Gallon in Inch 2 in Square Inch inHg Inch of Mercury kPa Kilopascal kg Kilogram lb Pound 3 Pound per Cubic Inch lb/in lbf Pound Force m Meter m2 Square Meter m3 Cubic Meter min Minute psi Pounds per Square Inch EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 1 Page 1-3 / 4 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2. AIRCRAFT DESCRIPTION 2.1. AIRCRAFT CHARACTERISTICS The aircraft is: • Predominantly metallic; • Low winged; • Conventional tailed; • Monoplane; • Retractable tricycle-type with twin-wheeled landing-gear. There are two high bypass ratio turbofan GEAE CF34–8E with 63.2 kN (14200 lbf) maximum takeoff thrust (sea level, static and ISA + 15 °C) installed under the wings. Theaircraft has two versions, with different ranges as a function of the difference between the MTOWs: • The STD aircraft model - MTOW 35990 kg (79344 lb) • The LR, SU or SE aircraft models - MTOW 37200 kg (82012 lb) 2.1.1. Definitions MRW It is the maximum allowed aircraft weight for taxiing or maneuvering on the ground. MLW It is the maximum allowed weight with which the aircraft can normally be landed. MTOW It is the maximum allowed total loaded aircraft weight at the start of the takeoff run. BOW It is the weight of the structure, powerplant, instruments, flight controls, hydraulic, electronic, electrical, air conditioning, oxygen, anti-icing and pressurization systems, interior furnishings, portable and emer- gency equipment and other items of equipment that are an integral part of the aircraft configuration. It also includes unusable fuel, total engine and APU oil, total hydraulic fluid, toilet fluid and water, potable water, crew and crew baggage, navigation kit (manuals, charts), catering (beverages and food) and removable service equipment for the galley. MZFW It is the maximum allowed weight without usable fuel in the tanks. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-1 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL Maximum Payload It is the difference between the MZFW and the BOW. Maximum Seating Capacity It is the maximum number of passengers specifically certified or anticipated for certification. Maximum Cargo Volume It is the maximum space available for cargo. Usable Fuel Fuel available for the aircraft propulsion. Table 2.1 - Aircraft General Characteristics EFFECTIVITY: ONACFT 170:00001-00006 00030-00044 00048-00058 00060-00065 OR PRE-MOD SB 170-53-0080 [1] AIRCRAFT MODELS DESIGN WEIGHTS STD LR, SU or SE MRW 36150 kg (79697 lb) 37360 kg (82365 lb) MTOW 35990 kg (79344 lb) 37200 kg (82012 lb) MLW 32800 kg (72311 lb) BOW[2] 20700 kg (45636 lb) MZFW 29600 kg (65257 lb) Maximum Payload [2] 9100 kg (20062 lb) MOW-MinimumOperating Weight 21800 kg (48060 lb) 70 passengers (SE) Maximum Seating Capacity 78 passengers 76 passengers (SU) 78 passengers (LR) [3] 3 3 Maximum Cargo Volume 14.39 m (508.18 ft ) Usable 9428 kg (20785 lb) Fuel [4] 11625 (3071 gal.) 1. Applicable for standard models. For further information, refer to AFM and AOM. 2. Standard configuration (weights may vary according to optional equipment installed or interior layouts). 3. Standard configuration (volume may vary according to optional equipment installed). 4. Adopted fuel density of 0.811 kg/ (6.77 lb/gal.). Table 2.2 - Aircraft General Characteristics EFFECTIVITY: ONACFT 170:00059-00059 00066-99999 OR POST-MOD SB 170-53-0080 [1] AIRCRAFT MODELS DESIGN WEIGHTS STD LR, SU or SE MRW 36150 kg (79697 lb) 37360 kg (82365 lb) MTOW 35990 kg (79344 lb) 37200 kg (82012 lb) 1. Applicable for standard models. For further information, refer to AFM and AOM. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-2 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL Table 2.2 - Aircraft General Characteristics (Continued) EFFECTIVITY: ONACFT 170:00059-00059 00066-99999 [1] AIRCRAFT MODELS DESIGN WEIGHTS STD LR, SU or SE MLW[2] 32800 kg (72311 lb) BOW[3] 20700 kg (45636 lb) MZFW 30140 kg (66447 lb) Maximum 9640 kg (21252 lb) Payload [3] MOW-MinimumOperating Weight 21800 kg (48060 lb) 70 passengers (SE) Maximum Seating Capacity 78 passengers 76 passengers (SU) 78 passengers (LR) [4] 3 3 Maximum Cargo Volume 14.39 m (508.18 ft ) Usable 9428 kg (20785 lb) Fuel [5] 11625 (3071 gal.) 1. Applicable for standard models. For further information, refer to AFM and AOM. 2. For aircraft POST-MOD. S.B. 170-00-0003, consider MLW = 33300 kg (73414 lb). 3. Standard configuration (weights may vary according to optional equipment installed or interior layouts). 4. Standard configuration (volume may vary according to optional equipment installed). 5. Adopted fuel density of 0.811 kg/ (6.77 lb/gal.). 2.2. GENERALAIRCRAFTDIMENSIONS 2.2.1. External Dimensions • Span over winglets - 26.00 m (85 ft 4 in.) • Height (maximum) - 9.85 m (32 ft 3 in.) • Overall length - 29.90 m (98 ft 1 in.) 2.2.2. Wing 2 2 • Reference area - 72.72 m (783 ft ) • Reference aspect ratio - 8.6 2.2.3. Fuselage • Total Length - 29.90 m (98 ft 1 in.) • Length of pressurized section - 22.74 m (74 ft 7 in.) 2.2.4. Horizontal Tail • Span - 10.00 m (32 ft 9 in) 2 2 2 • Area - 23.25 m (250 ft 37 in ) 2.2.5. Vertical Tail 2 2 2 • Reference area - 16.20 m (174 ft 55 in ) EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-3 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 18.23 m (59 ft 9.7 in.) 6.82 m (22 ft 4.5 in.) 9.85 m (32 ft 3 in.) 4.13 m 10.60 m (13 ft 6 in.) (34 ft 9 in.) 29.90 m (98 ft 1 in.) 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in.) 4.27 m (14 ft ) 10.00 m (32 ft 9 in.) 4.71 m (15 ft 5.4 in.) 21.26 m (69 ft 9 in.) 16.62 m (54 ft 6 in.) 5.20 m (17 ft) 26.00 m (85 ft 4 in.) EM170APM020003C.DGN General Aircraft Dimensions Figure 2.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-4 May11/07 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.3. GROUNDCLEARANCES A FUSLG ANGLE L (REF.) B M E H J K C D G F EM170APM020005.DGN Ground Clearances Figure 2.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-5 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL SKID (M) AIL CLEAR-ANCE12.612.312.7 12.3 12.8 12.4 12.9 12.5 13.4 12.9 T ANGULAR(DEG) AIL m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m 10 m in.m in.m 10 T (L) 8 5 8 5 9 6 ftin. 7 3 ftin. VERTI- 9.65ft9.57ft9.65ft9.57ft9.69ft9.60ft9.729.62ft9.83ft9.71 CAL 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 31 . . . . . . . AS- (K) m t m n m t m n m n m t m n m n m n m n P 8f 0i 8f 0i t2i 8f t2i t1i t6i t3i 2.45 2.41t12.452.41t12.488f2.432.508f2.458f2.598f2.528f AFTSENGERDOOR 7f 7f . . . . . . . (J) m t m n m t m n m n m t m n m n m n m n SER- 8f 0i 8f 0i t2i 8f t2i t1i t6i t3i VICE 2.45 2.41t12.452.41t12.488f2.432.508f2.458f2.598f2.528f AFT DOOR 7f 7f Model . . . . . . . . . . (H) m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n 0i t9i 0i t9i 1i 0i 1i 0i t3i t1i AFTCARGO 1.48t11.454f1.48t11.454f1.50t11.47t11.52t11.49t11.605f1.555f Aircraft DOOR 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m in. m in.m in.m ft 9 8 9 8 9 1 9 2 STD (G) ft ft ft ft 10 ft 1 ft ft - 4.50 4.47 4.50 4.47 4.53ft4.494.55ft 4.514.62 4.5815 WINGLET 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 . . . . . . . . . . m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n (F) t6i t7i t6i t7i t7i t6i t8i t8i 0i 0i 0.481f0.491f0.481f0.491f0.491f0.501f0.511f0.521f0.56t10.57t1 ClearanceNACELLE 1f 1f . . . . . . . . . . (E) m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n ARD 0i 1i 0i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i t1i GroundFOR-WCARGO1.47t11.49t11.47t11.49t11.48t11.50t11.49t11.52t11.52t11.565f - DOOR 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 (D)m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n FOR-ARDGER t4i t5i t4i t5i t4i t6i t4i t6i t6i t7i W ASSEN- 2.548f2.588f2.548f2.588f2.548f2.598f2.558f2.608f2.588f2.638f able P DOOR T . . . . . . . . . . (C) m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n ARDVICE t4i t5i t4i t5i t4i t6i t4i t6i t6i t8i FOR-W 2.548f2.588f2.548f2.588f2.558f2.598f2.558f2.608f2.588f2.648f SERDOOR . . . . . . (B) m t m n m t m n m t m n m t m n m n m n 2.137f2.20t2i2.137f2.20t2i2.137f2.20t2i2.137f2.21t3i2.15t1i2.24t5i NOSE 7f 7f 7f 7f 7f 7f (A) FUS 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 ANGLE(DEG) CG 10 27 9.8 27 7 27 7 27 70 27 (%MAC) lb lb lb lb b b lb lb lb lb kg kg kg kg kgl kg l kg kg kg kg 1 1 WEIGHT 36150796973615079697359907934435990793443280072313280072312960065257296006525721800480612180048061 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-6 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL SKID (M) AILANGU-LARCLEAR-ANCE12.612.312.612.312.812.412.912.5 13.4 12.9 T (DEG) n in. in. AIL m i m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m m in.min.m T 7 4 8 4 9 6 10 7 3 10 (L) ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft VERTI-CAL 9.63319.56319.64319.56319.69319.60319.72319.62319.83329.7131 . . . . . . . AS- (K) m t m n m t m n m n m t m n m n m n m n P 8f 0i 8f 0i t2i 8f t2i t1i t6i t3i 2.44 2.40t12.442.40t12.488f2.432.508f2.458f2.598f2.528f AFTSENGERDOOR 7f 7f . . . . . . . (J) m t m n m t m n m n m t m n m n m n m n SER- 8f 0i 8f 0i t2i 8f t2i t1i t6i t3i VICE 2.44 2.40t12.442.40t12.488f2.432.508f2.458f2.598f2.528f AFT DOOR 7f 7f n . . . . . . . . . (H) m m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n Models 0i 0i 1i 0i 1i 0i AFT 1.47t11.44t9i1.47t11.44t9i1.50t11.47t11.52t11.49t11.60t3i1.55t1i CARGODOOR 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 4f 5f 5f Aircraft m in m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.m in.min.m 10 8 8 9 1 9 2 ft (G) ft ft 10 ft 10 ft 1 ft ft SE 4.49 4.47 4.49ft4.474.53ft4.494.55ft4.514.624.5815 or WINGLET 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 . . . . . . . . . SU m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n (F) t6i t6i t6i t6i t7i t6i t8i t8i 0i 0i LR, 0.481f0.481f0.481f0.481f0.491f0.501f0.511f0.521f0.56t10.57t1 - NACELLE 1f 1f n . . . . . . . . . (E) m m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n 0i 1i 0i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i 1i FOR-ARD t1 t1 t1 t1 t1 t1 t1 t1 t1 t1i W CARGODOOR1.474f1.494f1.474f1.494f1.484f1.504f1.494f1.524f1.524f1.565f Clearance n . . . . . . . . . (D) m m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n FOR-ARDGER t4i t5i t4i t5i t4i t6i t4i t6i t6i t7i W ASSEN- 2.548f2.578f2.548f2.578f2.548f2.598f2.558f2.608f2.588f2.638f Ground P DOOR - n . . . . . . . . . (C) m m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n m n 2.4 ARDVICE t4i t5i t4i t5i t4i t6i t4i t6i t6i t8i FOR-W 2.548f2.588f2.548f2.588f2.558f2.598f2.558f2.608f2.588f2.648f SERDOOR able . . . . . . n n n n n n T (B) m t m m t m m t m m t m m m 2.147f2.19t2i2.147f2.19t2i2.137f2.20t2i2.137f2.21t3i2.15t1i2.24t5i NOSE 7f 7f 7f 7f 7f 7f (A) FUS 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.5 0.4 ANGLE(DEG) CG 1.8 27 1.8 27 7 27 7 27 70 27 1 1 (%MAC) lb lb b b b b lb lb lb lb kg kg kgl kgl kg l kg l kg kg kg kg 1 1 1 1 WEIGHT 373608236537360823623720082013720082013280072313280072312960065257296006525721800480612180048061 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-7 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.4. INTERIORARRANGEMENT The interior arrangement provides accommodation for two pilots, one observer, two flight attendants, and70passengersin32inpitchstandard configuration. One additional flight attendant seat is available as an option. 2.4.1. Passenger Cabin The passenger cabin accommodates 70 passengers in 17 double seats on the LH side, and 18 double seats on the RH side. As an option, the passenger cabin can be provided with double first-class seats on the RH side and single first-class seats on the LH side. The main dimensions of the passenger cabin are presented below: • Height - 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in.) • Width - 2.74 m (9 ft) • Aisle width - 0.49 m (1 ft 7 in.) • Pitch - 0.82 m (32 in.) EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-8 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4 9 5 3 0.90 m 0.88 m 0.78 m (2 ft 11.4 in.) (2 ft 10.6 in.) (2 ft 6.7 in.) 8 8 1.82 m 2.41 m 1.31 m 1.85 m (5 ft 11.7 in) (7 ft 11.4 in.) (4 ft 3.6 in.) (6 ft 07 in.) 5.41 m 4.30 m (17 ft 9 in.) (14 ft 1.3 in.) 19.44 m (63 ft 9 in.) 3 410 5 0.81 m 1 7 61211 (2 ft 8 in.) 1 − FLIGHT ATTENDANT SEAT 7 − AFT LAVATORY 2 − WARDROBE 8 − CARGO COMPARTMENT 3 − FWD RH G1 GALLEY 9 − OVERHEAD BIN 4 − FWD RH G2 GALLEY 10 − PASSENGER SEAT 5 − AFT RH GALLEY 11 − AIRSTAIR STOWAGE 6 − FWD LAVATORY CARGO/BAGGAGE VOLUME 3 3 CARGO COMPARTMENT 14.39 m (508.18 ft ) 3 3 OVERHEAD BIN 0.06 m / pax (2.0 ft / pax) 3 3 UNDERSEAT VOLUME 0.04 m / pax (1.4 ft / pax) EM170APM020004D.DGN Typical Interior Arrangements Figure 2.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-9 Oct 09/15 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.4.2. Cargo Compartments Twocargo compartments located underfloor are available, one forward of the wing, and the other aft of the wing. The cargo compartments comply with the FAR-25/JAR-25/RBHA-25 “class C” compartment classifica- tion. The table below contains the capacity of the cargo compartment: Table 2.5 - Capacity of the Cargo Compartment CARGOCOMPARTMENT LOADING VOLUME [1] 3 3 FWD 1370 kg (3020 lb) 8.59 m (303.35 ft ) 3 3 AFT 1030 kg (2270 lb) 5.80 m (204.83 ft ) 3 3 Total 2400 kg (5290 lb) 14.39 m (508.18 ft ) 1. Standard configuration (loading and volume may vary according to optional equipment installed). The cargo compartments are provided with the following features: • Optional vertical nets; • Door net at each cargo door. 2.4.3. Cockpit Thecockpitisacoustically and thermally insulated for appearance and durability. It follows the worldwide trend of rounded edges to avoid harm to the flight crew. The cockpit is separated from the passenger cabin by a bulkhead provided with a lockable door. The cockpit door has a locking system, which can only be opened from the cockpit side, a peep hole and an escape mechanism on the cockpit side. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-10 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.5. PASSENGERCABINCROSSSECTION 0.78 m (2 ft 7 in.) 0.46 m 0.05 m 2.00 m (1 ft 6 in.) (2.0 in.) (6 ft 7 in.) 1.44 m (4 ft 9 in.) 3.35 m (11 ft 0 in.) 0.49 m (1 ft 7 in.) 1.66 m 0.45 m (5 ft 5 in.) (1 ft 6 in.) 0.94 m 2.72 m (3 ft 1 in.) (8 ft 11 in.) 0.75 m (2 ft 5 in.) 2.74 m (9 ft) 3.01 m (9 ft 11 in.) EM170APM020001A.DGN Economy Class Passenger Cabin Cross-Section Figure 2.4 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-11 Dec18/04 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 0.86 m (3 ft) 2.00 m (6 ft 7 in.) 0.6 m 0.69 m (1 ft 10 in.) (2 ft 3 in.) 1.44 m 0.20 m 0.51 m 0.07 m (4 ft 9 in.) (8 in.) (1 ft 8 in.) (3 in.) 1.1 m 3.35 m (3 ft 8 in.) (11 ft 0 in.) 0.61 m (2 ft) 1.66 m 0.45 m (5 ft 5 in.) (1 ft 6 in.) 0.94 m 2.72 m (3 ft 1 in.) (8 ft 11 in.) 0.75 m (2 ft 5 in.) 2.74 m (9 ft) 3.01 m (9 ft 11 in.) EM170APM020002A.DGN First Class Passenger Cabin Cross-Section Figure 2.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-12 Dec18/04 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.6. LOWERCOMPARTMENTCONTAINERS Not applicable EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-13 Dec18/04 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2.7. DOORCLEARANCES 1.71 m 1.82 m (5 ft 7.3 in.) 1.36 m (5 ft 11.6 in.) 1.37 m (4 ft 5.5 in.) (4 ft 5.9 in.) SEE FIGURE 2.2 FOR HEIGHT ABOVE 0.87 m 0.78 m GROUND 0.90 m (2 ft 10 in.) (2 ft 6.7 in.) (2 ft 11.4 in.) 1.10 m 0.99 m 0.61 m (3 ft 7.3 in.) (3 ft 3 in.) 0.63 m (2 ft 0 in.) (2 ft 0.8 in.) 0.75 m 0.63 m (2 ft 6.7 in.) (2 ft 0.8 in.) NOTE: FOR DIMENSIONS OF ALL DOORS, CONSIDER THAT AIRCRAFT IS IN OPERATION, THAT IS, EQUIPPED WITH DOOR LININGS AND DOOR SURROUNDS. EM170APM020008C.DGN Door Dimensions Figure 2.6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 2 Page 2-14 Jun 29/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 3. AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 3.1. GENERALINFORMATION The performance of the aircraft and engine depends on the generation of forces by the interaction between the aircraft or engine, and the air mass through which it flies. The atmosphere has a pronounced effect on the temperature, pressure and density of the air. The ICAO establishes standard basics for estimating and comparing aircraft and engine performance. Some ICAO standard basics are shown below: 1. Sea level standard day: Standard Temperature To = 15 °C (288.15 K) Standard Pressure Po = 101.3 kPa (29.92 inHg) Standard Density ρo = 0.002377 slug per cubic feet 2. ISA Table 3.1 - ISA ALTITUDE TEMPERATURE mft°C°F 0 0 15.0 59.0 305 1000 13.0 55.4 610 2000 11.0 51.9 915 3000 9.1 48.3 1220 4000 7.1 44.7 1524 5000 5.1 41.2 3049 10000 -4.8 23.3 4573 15000 -14.7 5.5 6098 20000 -24.6 -12.3 7622 25000 -34.5 -30.2 9146 30000 -44.4 -48.0 11003 36089 -56.5 -69.7 12195 40000 -56.5 -69.7 NOTE: The performance data shown in this section must not be used for operations. NOTE: For further information about performance, refer to AOM and AFM. Tire speed limits are not applicable to this specific aircraft. This section provides the following information: • The payload x range charts • The takeoff field length charts • The landing field length charts NOTE: For other charts containing payload x ranges, takeoff field lengths and/or landing field lengths with conditions different from those presented in this section, Embraer should be contacted so that these charts can be obtained. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-1 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 3.2. PAYLOADXRANGE The payload x range charts are based on the following conditions; • CF34 - 8E5 and CF34 - 8E5A1 engine models; • Aircraft carrying passengers at 100 kg (220 lb) each one; • Flight level 350, that represents the cruising altitude equal to 10668 m (35000 ft); • Atmosphere according to ISA or ISA + 10 °C conditions; • MTOW. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-2 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL PAYLOAD VS RANGE CF34 − 8E5A1 & − 8E5 ENGINES FLIGHT LEVEL 350 ISA RESERVE : 100 nm ALTERNATE + 45 min FLIGHT MTOW = 35990 kg (79344 lb) 22000 10000 21000 20000 9000 19000 18000 8000 17000 16000 7000 70 PAX @ 100 kg 15000 14000 13000 6000 12000 11000 5000 PAYLOAD − lb10000PAYLOAD − kg 9000 0.78 MACH 4000 8000 7000 LONG RANGE 3000 6000 5000 2000 4000 MAX CRUISE 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 RANGE − nm NOTES: MAX TAKEOFF WEIGHT 35990 kg (79344 lb) MAX ZERO FUEL WEIGHT 30140 kg (66447 lb) BASIC OPERATING WEIGHT 20736 kg (45715 lb) MAX USABLE FUEL 9428 Kg (20785 lb) EM170APM030003D.DGN Payload x Range - ISA Conditions Figure 3.1 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 3 MODEL Page 3-3 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL PAYLOAD VS RANGE CF34 − 8E5A1 & − 8E5 ENGINES FLIGHT LEVEL 350 ISA + 10°C RESERVE : 100 nm ALTERNATE + 45 min FLIGHT MTOW = 35990 kg (79344 lb) 22000 10000 21000 20000 9000 19000 18000 8000 17000 16000 7000 70 PAX @ 100 kg 15000 14000 13000 6000 12000 11000 5000 PAYLOAD − lbPAYLOAD − kg 10000 9000 4000 0.78 MACH 8000 7000 3000 6000 5000 LONG RANGE 2000 4000 3000 MAX CRUISE 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 NOTES: RANGE − nm MAX TAKEOFF WEIGHT 35990 kg (79344 lb) MAX ZERO FUEL WEIGHT 30140 kg (66447 lb) BASIC OPERATING WEIGHT 20736 kg (45715 lb) MAX USABLE FUEL 9428 Kg (20785 lb) EM170APM030004D.DGN Payload x Range - ISA + 10 °C Conditions Figure 3.2 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 3 MODEL Page 3-4 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL PAYLOAD VS RANGE CF34 − 8E5A1 & − 8E5 ENGINES FLIGHT LEVEL 350 ISA RESERVE : 100 nm ALTERNATE + 45 min FLIGHT MTOW = 37200 kg (82012 lb) 22000 10000 21000 20000 9000 19000 18000 8000 17000 16000 7000 70 PAX @ 100 kg 15000 14000 13000 6000 12000 11000 5000 PAYLOAD − lb10000PAYLOAD − kg 9000 4000 8000 0.78 MACH 7000 3000 LONG RANGE 6000 MAX CRUISE 5000 2000 4000 3000 2000 1000 1000 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 NOTES: RANGE − nm MAX TAKEOFF WEIGHT 37200 kg (82012 lb) MAX ZERO FUEL WEIGHT 30140 kg (66447 lb) BASIC OPERATING WEIGHT 20736 kg (45715 lb) MAX USABLE FUEL 9428 Kg (20785 lb) EM170APM030002D.DGN Payload x Range - ISA Conditions Figure 3.3 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 LRACFT MODEL Section 3 Page 3-5 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL PAYLOAD VS RANGE CF34 − 8E5A1 & − 8E5 ENGINES FLIGHT LEVEL 350 ISA + 10°C RESERVE : 100 nm ALTERNATE + 45 min FLIGHT MTOW = 37200 kg (82012 lb) 22000 10000 21000 20000 9000 19000 18000 8000 17000 16000 7000 70 PAX @ 100 kg 15000 14000 13000 6000 12000 11000 PAYLOAD − kg5000 PAYLOAD − lb 10000 9000 4000 8000 7000 0.78 MACH 3000 6000 5000 2000 4000 LONG RANGE 3000 2000 1000 1000 MAX CRUISE 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 NOTES: RANGE − nm MAX TAKEOFF WEIGHT 37200 kg (82012 lb) MAX ZERO FUEL WEIGHT 30140 kg (66447 lb) BASIC OPERATING WEIGHT 20736 kg (45715 lb) MAX USABLE FUEL 9428 Kg (20785 lb) EM170APM030001C.DGN Payload x Range - ISA + 10 °C Conditions Figure 3.4 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 LRACFT MODEL Section 3 Page 3-6 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 3.3. TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTHS Thetakeoff performance is based on the requirements of JAR 25, Change 14, plus amendment 25/96/1. Thetakeoff field length charts provide data about the maximum takeoff weights, for compliance with the operating regulations relating to takeoff field lengths. Data are presented according to the following associated conditions: • CF34 - 8E5 and CF34 - 8E5A1 engine models; • Takeoff Mode: 1; • ATTCS positioning: ON and OFF; • Flaps setting position: 1, 2 and 4; • Pavement conditions: dry, hard paved and level runway surface with no obstacles; • Zero wind and atmosphere according to ISA or ISA + 15 °C conditions; • Pack OFF: No engine bleed extraction for air conditioning packs was considered in the takeoff and landing charts. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-7 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: ON / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 3800 ALTITUDE m (ft) 14000 3600 12000 3400 3200 2438 (8000) 3000 3048 (10000) 10000 1829 2800 FLAP 1 (6000) 1219 (4000) 2600 8000 2400 609 FLAP 2 (2000) 2200 6000 2000 FIELD LENGTH − ftFIELD LENGTH − m 1800 SEA LEVEL 5000 1600 FLAP 4FLAP 4 −570 (−1870) 1400 4000 1200 1000 800 3000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 EM170APM030009H.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions Figure 3.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-8 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: ON / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA+15°C 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 3800 ALTITUDE m (ft) 12000 3600 11000 3400 1829 3200 (6000) 3048 2438 (10000) (8000) 10000 3000 1219 FLAP 1 (4000) 9000 2800 2600 609 (2000) 8000 2400 FLAP 2 2200 7000 FIELD LENGTH − ft2000 FIELD LENGTH − m SEA LEVEL 6000 1800 FLAP 4FLAP 4 −570 1600 (−1870) 5000 1400 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030013I.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions Figure 3.6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-9 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: OFF / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m (ft) 3800 12000 3600 11000 3400 3200 10000 3000 1829 1219 3048 2438 (6000) (4000) 9000 2800 (10000) (8000) 2600 FLAP 1 609 8000 (2000) 2400 2200 SEA LEVEL 7000 FLAP 2 2000 −570 FIELD LENGTH − ftFIELD LENGTH − m (−1870) 6000 1800 1600 5000 FLAP 4FLAP 4 1400 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030094B.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions Figure 3.7 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-10 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: OFF / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA+15°C 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 3800 ALTITUDE m (ft) 12000 3600 11000 3400 3200 10000 3000 3048 2438 609 (10000) (8000) (2000) 9000 2800 FLAP 1 2600 1829 1219 (6000) (4000) SEA LEVEL 8000 2400 2200 FLAP 2 −570 7000 (−1870) FIELD LENGTH − ft2000 FIELD LENGTH − m 6000 1800 1600 FLAP 4FLAP 4 5000 1400 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030095B.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions Figure 3.8 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-11 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5A1 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: ON / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m (ft) 3800 12000 3600 11000 3400 3200 2438 10000 3000 3048 (8000) (10000) 2800 1829 9000 FLAP 1 (6000) 1219 2600 (4000) 8000 2400 609 FLAP 2 (2000) 2200 7000 FIELD LENGTH − ft2000 FIELD LENGTH − m SEA LEVEL 6000 1800 1600 5000 −570 (−1870) 1400 FLAP 4FLAP 4 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030005I.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions Figure 3.9 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-12 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5A1 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: ON / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA+15°C 1300013000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 3800 ALTITUDE m (ft) 1200012000 3600 1100011000 3400 3200 3048 1829 (10000) 2438 (6000) (8000) 1000010000 3000 FLAP 1 1219 2800 (4000) 90009000 2600 80008000 609 2400 (2000) FLAP 2 2200 70007000 FIELD LENGTH − ftFIELD LENGTH − ft2000 FIELD LENGTH − m 60006000 SEA LEVEL 1800 −570 1600 FLAP 4FLAP 4 (−1870) 50005000 1400 40004000 1200 1000 30003000 800 20002000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030006I.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions Figure 3.10 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-13 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5A1 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: OFF / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m (ft) 3800 12000 3600 11000 3400 3200 10000 3000 1219 1829 (4000) 2800 3048 (6000) 9000 (10000) 2600 FLAP 1 2438 (8000) 8000 2400 609 (2000) 2200 SEA LEVEL 7000 FLAP 2 FIELD LENGTH − ft2000 −570 FIELD LENGTH − m (−1870) 6000 1800 1600 5000 1400 FLAP 4FLAP 4 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 EM170APM030096B.DGN WEIGHT − lb Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA Conditions Figure 3.11 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-14 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF FIELD LENGTH CF 34−8E5A1 ENGINE@T/O−1 MODE ATTCS: OFF / ECS: OFF DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVEL RUNWAY ISA+15°C 13000 4000 AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m (ft) 3800 12000 3600 11000 3400 3200 1219 1829 (4000) 10000 3000 3048 (6000) (10000) 9000 2800 FLAP 1 2438 (8000) 609 2600 (2000) 8000 2400 SEA LEVEL 2200 7000 FLAP 2 2000 −570 FIELD LENGTH − ftFIELD LENGTH − m (−1870) 6000 1800 1600 5000 1400 FLAP 4FLAP 4 4000 1200 1000 3000 800 2000 600 400 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 42000 WEIGHT − kg 45000 49000 53000 57000 61000 65000 69000 73000 77000 81000 85000 89000 93000 WEIGHT − lb EM170APM030097B.DGN Takeoff Field Lengths - ISA + 15 °C Conditions Figure 3.12 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-15 Oct 07/14 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 3.4. LANDING FIELD LENGTHS Thelandingfield length charts provide data about the maximum landing weights, for compliance with the operating regulations relating to landing field lengths. Data are presented according to the following associated conditions: • Landing gear: down; • Flaps setting position: 5 and full; • Pavement conditions: dry, hard paved and level runway surface with no obstacles; • Zero wind and atmosphere according to ISA conditions; • Pack OFF: No engine bleed extraction for air conditioning packs was considered in the takeoff and landing charts; • For EASACertification, Landing Field Lengths are factored as per EU OPS 1.515 (a) (1) - Landing; • For FAACertification, Landing Field Lengths are factored as per FAR Part 121, Paragraph 121.195 (b) - Airplanes. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 3 Page 3-16 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LANDING FIELD LENGTH FLAP 5 DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVELLED RUNWAY 1900 6000 10000 9000 1700 8000 5500 7000 6000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 5000 5000 ALTITUDE m (ft) 4000 1500 3000 2000 1000 4500 SEA LEVEL −1000 −1870 1300 FAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − ftFAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − m 4000 1100 3500 3000 34000 kg (74957 lb) 900 20000 30000 35000 15000 25000 40000 WEIGHT − kgWEIGHT − kg 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 WEIGHT − lb EM170APM030014H.DGN Landing Field Lengths - Flaps 5 Figure 3.13 EFFECTIVITY: FAA-CERTIFIED ACFT Section 3 Page 3-17 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LANDING FIELD LENGTH FLAPS FULL DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVELLED RUNWAY 5500 1600 10000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 5000 ALTITUDE m (ft) 9000 8000 7000 6000 1400 5000 4500 4000 3000 2000 1000 SEA LEVEL −1000 4000 −1870 1200 FAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − ftFAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − m 3500 1000 3000 34000 kg (74957 lb) 800 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 WEIGHT − kg 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 WEIGHT − lb EM170APM030015G.DGN Landing Field Lengths - Flaps Full Figure 3.14 EFFECTIVITY: FAA-CERTIFIED ACFT Section 3 Page 3-18 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LANDING FIELD LENGTH FLAP 5 DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVELLED RUNWAY 5500 1900 AIRPORT PRESSURE ALTITUDE m (ft) 10000 5000 1700 9000 8000 7000 6000 4500 1500 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 SEA LEVEL 4000 1300 −1000 −1870 FAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − ftFAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − m 3500 1100 34000 kg (74957 lb) 3000 900 20000 30000 35000 15000 25000 40000 WEIGHT − kg 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 WEIGHT − lb EM170APM030028D.DGN Landing Field Lengths - Flaps 5 Figure 3.15 EFFECTIVITY: EASA-CERTIFIEDACFT Section 3 Page 3-19 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL LANDING FIELD LENGTH FLAPS FULL DRY, SMOOTH, HARD PAVED AND LEVELLED RUNWAY 5500 1600 10000 AIRPORT PRESSURE 9000 5000 ALTITUDE m (ft) 8000 7000 6000 1400 5000 4500 4000 3000 2000 1000 SEA LEVEL −1000 4000 −1870 1200 FAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − ft3500FAR LANDING RUNWAY LENGTH − m 1000 3000 34000 kg (74957 lb) 800 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 WEIGHT − kg 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000 70000 75000 80000 85000 WEIGHT − lb EM170APM030029D.DGN Landing Field Lengths - Flaps Full Figure 3.16 EFFECTIVITY: EASA-CERTIFIEDACFT Section 3 Page 3-20 Oct 31/12 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4. GROUNDMANEUVERING 4.1. GENERALINFORMATION This section provides the aircraft turning capability and maneuvering characteristics. To facilitate the presentation, the data have been determined from theoretical limits imposed by the geometry of the aircraft. As such, they reflect the turning capability of the aircraft in favorable operating circumstances. These data should be used only as a guideline for the method of determining such parameters and for the maneuvering characteristics of the aircraft. In the ground operating mode, varying airline practices may demand that more conservative turning procedures be adopted, to avoid excessive tire wear and reduce possible maintenance problems. Variations from standard aircraft operating patterns may be necessary to satisfy physical constraints within the maneuvering area, such as adverse grades, limited area, or high risk of jet blast damage. For these reasons, the ground maneuvering requirements should be coordinated with the airline before the layout is planned. This section is presented as follows: • The turning radii for nose landing gear steering angles. • The pilot’s visibility from the cockpit and the limits of ambinocular vision through the windows. Ambinocular vision is defined as the total field of vision seen by both eyes at the same time. • The performance of the aircraft on runway-to-taxiway, taxiway-to-taxiway and runway holding bay dimensions. 4.2. TURNING RADII This subsection presents the following information: • The turning radii for various nose landing gear steering angles. The minimum turning radius is determined, considering the maximum nose landing gear steering angle as 76 degrees left and right. • Data on the minimum width of the pavement for a 180° turn. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-1 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL R5 R6 R3 76° 70° 65° R4 60° 55° R1 50° 45° 40° R 5.28 m 35° (17 ft 4 in.) R2 R 10.97 m (35 ft 11 in.) NOTE: DATA PRESENTED IS BASED ON THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS. ACTUAL OPERATING DATA MAY BE GREATER THAN SHOWN SINCE TIRE SLIPPAGE IS NOT CONSIDERED IN THESE CALCULATIONS. STEERING NOSE NOSE LANDING OUTBOARD GEAR INBOARD GEAR RIGHT WINGLET RIGHT TAILTIP STEEL GEAR R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 35° 21.19 m 69 ft 6 in. 18.76 m 61 ft 6 in. 18.31 m 60 ft 1 in. 12.06 m 39 ft 7 in. 28.45 m 93 ft 5 in. 24.91 m 81 ft 9 in. 40° 19.47 m 63 ft 10 in. 16.78 m 55 ft 0 in. 15.80 m 51 ft 10 in. 9.55 m 31 ft 4 in. 25.98 m 85 ft 3 in. 22.92 m 75 ft 2 in. 45° 18.21 m 59 ft 9 in. 15.28 m 50 ft 2 in. 13.76 m 45 ft 2 in. 7.51 m 24 ft 8 in. 23.96 m 78 ft 7 in. 21.38 m 70 ft 2 in. 50° 17.26 m 56 ft 8 in. 14.14 m 46 ft 5 in. 12.05 m 39 ft 6 in. 5.80 m 19 ft 0 in. 22.28 m 73 ft 1 in. 20.17 m 66 ft 2 in. 55° 16.55 m 54 ft 3 in. 13.25 m 43 ft 6 in. 10.57 m 34 ft 8 in. 4.32 m 14 ft 2 in. 20.83 m 68 ft 4 in. 19.18 m 62 ft 11 in. 60° 16.00 m 52 ft 6 in. 12.55 m 41 ft 2 in. 9.26 m 30 ft 5 in. 3.02 m 9 ft 11 in. 19.54 m 64 ft 1 in. 18.35 m 60 ft 3 in. 65° 15.58 m 51 ft 2 in. 12.01 m 39 ft 5 in. 8.08 m 26 ft 6 in. 1.84 m 6 ft 0 in. 18.39 m 60 ft 4 in. 17.66 m 57 ft 11 in. 70° 15.28 m 50 ft 1 in. 11.60 m 38 ft 1 in. 6.99 m 22 ft 11 in. 0.75 m 2 ft 5 in. 17.33 m 56 ft 10 in. 17.07 m 56 ft 0 in. 76° 15.02 m 49 ft 3 in. 11.25 m 36 ft 11 in. 5.80 m 19 ft 0 in. 0.445 m 1 ft 5.5 in. 16.17 m 53 ft 1 in. 16.48 m 54 ft 1 in. EM170APM040007C.DGN Turning Radii - No Slip Angle Figure 4.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-2 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4.3. MINIMUM TURNING RADII R5 R6 R3 76° R1 R 10.97 m (35 ft 12 in.) 1 17.05 m R2 (55 ft 11 in.) R 5.28 m (RUNWAY MINIMUM WIDTH) (17 ft 4 in.) NOTE: ACTUAL OPERATING DATA MAY BE GREATER THAN VALUES SHOWN SINCE TIRE SLIPPAGE IS NOT CONSIDERED IN THESE CALCULATIONS. STEERING NOSE NOSE LANDING OUTBOARD GEAR RIGHT WINGLET RIGHT TAILTIP ANGLE GEAR R1 R2 R3 R5 R6 76° 15.02 m 49 ft 3 in. 11.25 m 36 ft 11 in. 5.80 m 19 ft 0 in. 16.17 m 53 ft 1 in. 16.48 m 54 ft 1 in. 1 THEORETICAL CENTER OF TURN FOR MINIMUN RADIUS. SHOWS CONTINUOUS TURNING WITH ENGINE THRUST AS REQUIRED. NO DIFFERENTIAL BRAKING. EM170APM040001A.DGN Minimum Turning Radius Figure 4.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-3 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4.4. VISIBILITY FROM COCKPIT VISUAL ANGLE IN PLANE PARALLEL TO LONGITUDINAL AXIS THROUGH PILOT’S EYE POSITION PILOT’S EYE POSITION 3.91 m 27.8° (12 ft 10 in.) 15° C L FUS HOR 0.75 m (2 ft 6 in.) REF. GROUND (BOW) 2.92 m (9 ft 7 in.) 14.58 m (47 ft 10 in.) MAXIMUM AFT VISION PILOT’S EYE POSITION WITH HEAD ROTATED ABOUT SPINAL COLUMN 0.53 m (1 ft 9 in.) 120.6° 0.53 m PILOT’S EYE POSITION VISUAL ANGLE IN PLANE (1 ft 9 in.) PERPENDICULAR TO LONGITUDINAL AXIS THROUGH PILOT’S EYE POSITION 27.5° 28.1° EM170APM040006C.DGN Visibility from Cockpit in Static Position Figure 4.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-4 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4.5. RUNWAYANDTAXIWAYDIMENSIONS To determine the minimum dimensions for runway and taxiway where the aircraft can be operated, the reference code of the aircraft must be determined. The reference code of a specific aircraft is obtained in accordance with the Aerodrome Design and Operations - Volume 1, by the ICAO. Thecodeiscomposedoftwoelementswhicharerelatedtotheaircraft performance characteristics and dimensions: • Element 1 is a number based on the aircraft reference field length. • Element 2 is a letter based on the aircraft wingspan and outer main landing gear wheel span. The table below shows the reference codes: Table 4.1 - Reference Codes CODEELEMENT1 CODEELEMENT2 CODE AIRCRAFT REFERENCE CODE WINGSPAN OUTERMAINLANDING NUMBER FIELD LENGTH LETTER GEARWHEELSPAN 1 Less than 800 m A Up to 15 m Up to 4.5 m (2624 ft 8 in) (49 ft 3 in) (14 ft 9 in) 2 800 m (2624 ft 8 in) up to B 15 m (49 ft 3 in) to 4.5 m (14 ft 9 in) to 1200 m (3937 ft) 24 m (78 ft 9 in) 6 m (19 ft 8 in) 3 1200 m (3937 ft) up to C 24 m (78 ft 9 in) to 6 m (19 ft 8 in) to 1800 m (5905 ft 6 in) 36m(118ft1in) 9 m (29 ft 6 in) 4 1800 m D 36m(118ft1in)to 9 m (29 ft 6 in) to (5905 ft 6 in) and over 52 m (170 ft 7 in) 14 m (45 ft 11 in) __ __ E 52 m (170 ft 7 in) to 9 m (29 ft 6 in) to 65 m (213 ft 3 in) 14 m (45 ft 11 in) In accordance with the table, the reference code for the EMBRAER 170STD and 170LR is 3C. NOTE: • Classification considering CF34-8E5A1 engines. • This classification may change depending on aircraft engine model and takeoff weight. With the reference code it is possible to obtain the limits of the runway and taxiway where the aircraft can be operated. For reference code 3C the limits are: • The width of a runway should not be less than 30 m (98 ft 5 in). • The width of a taxiway should not be less than 15 m (49 ft 2 in). • Thedesign of the curve in a taxiway should be such that, when the cockpit remains over the taxiway center line marking, the clearance distance between the outer main landing gear wheels of the aircraft and the edge of the taxiway should not be less than3m(9ft10in). • The clearance between a parked aircraft and one moving along the taxiway in a holding bay should not be less than 15 m (49 ft 3 in). EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-5 Oct 07/08 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 30 m (98 ft 5 in.) NOTE: COORDINATE WITH AIRLINE OPERATOR FOR THE SPECIFIC PLANNED OPERATING PROCEDURE. NOSE LANDING GEAR STEERING ANGLE IS 45° APPROXIMATELY 15. 15 m 100 ft Radius (49 ft 2 in.) (30 m) PATH OF MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE EDGE EM170APM040002.DGN More than 90° Turn - Runway to Taxiway Figure 4.4 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-6 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL NOTE: 30 m COORDINATE WITH AIRLINE OPERATOR (98 ft 5 in.) FOR THE SPECIFIC PLANNED OPERATING PROCEDURE. NOSE LANDING GEAR STEERING ANGLE IS APPROXIMATELY 30. 100 ft Radius (30 m) 90° 15 m (49 ft 2 in.) 100 ft Radius (30 m) PATH OF MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE EDGE. EM170APM040003.DGN 90° Turn - Runway to Taxiway Figure 4.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-7 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 15 m NOTE: (49 ft 2 in.) COORDINATE WITH AIRLINE OPERATOR FOR THE SPECIFIC PLANNED OPERATING PROCEDURE. NOSE LANDING GEAR STEERING ANGLE IS APPROXIMATELY 28. 90° 15 m (49 ft 2 in.) 100 ft Radius (30 m) 3 m (9 ft 10 in.) PATH OF MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE EDGE. EM170APM040004.DGN 90° Turn - Taxiway to Taxiway Figure 4.6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-8 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 4.6. RUNWAYHOLDINGBAY RUNWAY 30 m (98 ft 5 in.) MINIMUM CLEARENCES 75 m 15 m (246 ft) (49 ft 2 in.) 3 m (9 ft 10 in.) 3 m (9 ft 10 in.) PATH OF MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE EDGE. 15 m TAXIWAY (49 ft 2 in.) PATH OF MAIN LANDING GEAR TIRE EDGE. EM170APM040005.DGN Runway Holding Bay Figure 4.7 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 4 Page 4-9 / 10 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5. TERMINAL SERVICING During turnaround at the air terminal, certain services must be performed on the aircraft, usually within a given time to meet flight schedules. This section shows service vehicle arrangements, schedules, locations of servicing points, and typical servicing requirements. The data presented herein reflect ideal conditions for a single aircraft. Servicing requirements may vary according to the aircraft condition and airline operational (servicing) procedures. This section provides the following information: • The typical arrangements of equipment during turnaround; • The typical turnaround servicing time at an air terminal; • The locations of ground servicing connections in graphic and tabular forms; • The typical sea level air pressure and flow requirements for starting the engine; • The air conditioning requirements; • The ground towing requirements for various towing conditions. Towbar pull and total traction wheel load may be determined by considering aircraft weight, pavement slope, coefficient of friction, and engine idle thrust. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-1 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.1. AIRCRAFT SERVICINGARRANGEMENT 35 110 4 6 4 100 30 8 90 3 3 80 25 5 5 70 20 60 LENGTH − ft50LENGTH − m 15 40 10 11 30 20 2 2 5 10 7 9 10 0 0 05 15 20 25 30 35 40 10 LENGTH − m 010 30 40 50 70 80 90 100 120 20 60 110 130 LENGTH − ft SERVICING ARRANGEMENT 02 − PASSENGER STAIRS 03 − CARGO LOADER 04 − BAGGAGE / CARGO TROLLEY AND TUG 05 − GALLEY SERVICE VEHICLE 06 − FUEL SERVICE 07 − POTABLE WATER 08 − LAVATORY SERVICE VEHICLE 09 − AIR CONDITIONING UNIT 10 − PNEUMATIC STARTER 11 − GROUND POWER UNIT EM170APM050001.DGN Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Stairs Figure 5.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-2 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 35 110 6 4 4 100 30 8 90 3 3 80 25 5 5 70 20 60 LENGTH − ftLENGTH − m 50 15 40 1 10 30 20 5 10 9 7 0 0 10 15 20 35 0510 25 30 40 LENGTH − m 010 30 40 50 60 90 20 70 80 100 110 120 130 LENGTH − ft SERVICING ARRANGEMENT 01 − PASSENGER BRIDGE 03 − CARGO LOADER 04 − BAGGAGE / CARGO TROLLEY AND TUG 05 − GALLEY SERVICE VEHICLE 06 − FUEL SERVICE 07 − POTABLE WATER 08 − LAVATORY SERVICE VEHICLE 09 − AIR CONDITIONING UNIT 10 − PNEUMATIC STARTER EM170APM050002.DGN Aircraft Servicing Arrangement With Passenger Bridge Figure 5.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-3 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.2. TERMINAL OPERATIONS - TURNAROUND STATION This section presents the typical turnaround servicing time at an air terminal. The chart gives typical schedules for servicing the aircraft within a given time. The time of each service in the chart was calculated taking the following into consideration: • Load factor - 100%; • Passenger deplane - 24 pax/min; • Passenger enplane - 16 pax/min; • Baggages checked per passenger - 1,2; • Refuel (fuel quantity) - 80%; • Flow - 290 gpm; • Potable water - 70% to be refilled (56 ); • Galley service FWD and aft sequence - in parallel; • Toilet type - vacuum; • Baggages unloading/loading FWD/aft sequence - in parallel; • Only FWD passenger door to be used to deplane and enplane passengers. Servicing times could be rearranged to suit availability of personnel, aircraft configuration, and degree of servicing required. The data illustrates the general scope and tasks involving airport terminal operations. Airline particular practices and operating experience will result in different sequences and intervals. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-4 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL ELAPSED TIME 1 7 11 1314151617181920 243 81012 (MINUTES) 5 6 9 OPERATIONS min. BRIDGE/STAIRS POSITIONING 1,0 PASSENGERS DEPLANE 2.9 GALLEY SERVICING−FWD 6,0 PAX GALLEY SERVICING−AFT 6,0 SERVICES AIRPLANE INTERIOR SERVICES 4,4 PASSENGERS ENPLANE 4,4 BRIDGE / STAIRS REMOVAL 1,0 PUSH BACK / ENGINES START 2,0 FWD BAGGAGE / CARGO UNLOAD 3,4 REAR BAGGAGE / CARGO UNLOAD 2,2 BAGGAGE TIME BETWEEN UNLOADING / LOADING 0,5 & CARGO FWD BAGGAGE/CARGO LOAD 5,5 AFT BAGGAGE/CARGO LOAD 3,7 FUEL SERVICE 8,5 AIRCRAFT POTABLE WATER SERVICE 3,0 SERVICING TOILET SERVICE 5,0 LEGEND: TRUCK POSITIONING/REMOVAL/SETTINGS NOTE: THIS DATA ILLUSTRATES THE GENERAL SCOPE AND TASKS INVOLVING AIRPORT TERMINAL OPERATIONS. AIRLINE PARTICULAR PRACTICES AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE WILL RESULT IN DIFFERENT SEQUENCES AND INTERVALS. EM170APM050003B.DGN Air Terminal Operation - Turnaround Station Figure 5.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-5 May11/07 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.3. TERMINAL OPERATIONS - EN ROUTE STATION Not Applicable EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-6 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.4. GROUNDSERVICINGCONNECTIONS 1 2 4 5 8 9 12 6 3 7 10 11 14 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 COORD. Y HEIGHT ITEM DESCRIPTION COORD. X (mm) COORD. Z ABOVE (mm) (mm) GROUND (mm) 1 PRESSURE REFUELING PANEL 13491.27 5702.96 −623.30 2469.26 2 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (RH) 14789.49 7413.99 −243.75 2848.49 3 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (LH) 14789.49 −7413.99 −243.75 2848.49 4 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 4146.90 −810.70 −1339.53 1755.33 5 FORWARD RAMP HEADSET 4164.44 −936.13 −1262.71 1832.15 6 STEERING SWITCH DISENGAGE 4136.97 −951.46 −1279.29 1815.58 7 WHEEL JACK POINT − NLG 4121.90 0.00 −2877.81 217.06 8 AIR COND. GROUND CONNECTION 10487.32 80.00 −1979.71 1113.60 9 ENGINE AIR STARTING (LOW PRESSURE UNIT) 10778.80 4.28 −2010.20 1083.03 10 GROUNDING POINT (ELECTRICAL) 14592.10 2560.25 −1343.60 1748.70 11 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (RH) 14476.67 2600.00 −2679.11 413.20 12 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (LH) 14476.67 −2600.00 −2679.11 413.20 13 HYD. SYS # 1 SERVICE PANEL 16560.17 −808.01 −1602.04 1489.76 14 HYD. SYS # 2 SERVICE PANEL 16560.17 808.01 −1602.04 1489.76 15 WATER SERVICING PANEL 21524.83 −329.37 −1178.74 1911.84 16 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 24084.65 −471.73 −605.30 2484.65 17 AFT RAMP HEADSET 24225.26 −449.47 −585.54 2504.39 18 OXYGEN SERVICING PANEL / BOTTLE 6562.14 1159.87 −961.05 2133.22 19 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (RH) 13352.80 398.47 −1413.71 1678.89 20 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (LH) 13352.80 −398.47 −1413.71 1678.89 21 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 22447.01 349.20 −991.80 2098.55 22 HYD. SYS # 3 SERVICE PANEL 24061.86 519.15 −590.09 2499.87 NOTE: THE GROUND CLEARANCES IN THE TABLE REFER TO THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE MINIMUM EM170APM050005D.DGN OPERATING WEIGHT (MOW) = 21800 kg (CG FWD 7.0% CMA) Ground Servicing Connections Figure 5.4 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-7 May11/07 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 2 4 5 8 9 12 6 3 7 10 11 14 13 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 COORD. Y HEIGHT ITEM DESCRIPTION COORD. X (mm) COORD. Z ABOVE (mm) (mm) GROUND (mm) 1 PRESSURE REFUELING PANEL 13491.27 5702.96 −623.30 2461.54 2 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (RH) 14789.49 7413.99 −243.75 2830.76 GRAVITY REFUELING PORT (LH) 14789.49 −7413.99 −243.75 2830.76 3 4 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 4146.90 −810.70 −1339.53 1819.58 5 FORWARD RAMP HEADSET 4164.44 −936.13 −1262.71 1896.25 6 STEERING SWITCH DISENGAGE 4136.97 −951.46 −1279.29 1879.90 7 WHEEL JACK POINT − NLG 4112.77 0.00 −2942.27 217.16 8 AIR COND. GROUND CONNECTION 10487.32 80.00 −1979.71 1129.04 9 ENGINE AIR STARTING (LOW PRESSURE UNIT) 10778.80 4.28 −2010.20 1096.23 10 GROUNDING POINT (ELECTRICAL) 14592.10 2560.25 −1343.60 1732.52 11 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (RH) 14475.49 2600.00 −2662.17 414.90 12 WHEEL JACK POINT− MLG (LH) 14475.49 −2600.00 −2662.17 414.90 13 HYD. SYS # 1 SERVICE PANEL 16560.17 −808.01 −1602.04 1458.44 14 HYD. SYS # 2 SERVICE PANEL 16560.17 808.01 −1602.04 1458.44 15 WATER SERVICING PANEL 21524.83 −329.37 −1178.74 1842.28 16 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 24084.65 −471.73 −605.30 2395.36 17 AFT RAMP HEADSET 24225.26 −449.47 −585.54 2414.01 18 OXYGEN SERVICING PANEL / BOTTLE 6562.14 1159.87 −961.05 2178.86 19 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (RH) 13352.80 398.47 −1413.71 1672.25 20 FUEL TANK DRAIN VALVE (LH) 13352.80 −398.47 −1413.71 1672.25 21 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 22447.01 349.20 −991.80 2021.88 22 HYD. SYS # 3 SERVICE PANEL 24061.86 519.15 −590.09 2410.75 NOTE: THE GROUND CLEARANCES IN THE TABLE REFER TO THE AIRCRAFT WITH THE MINIMUM EM170APM050006A.DGN OPERATING WEIGHT (MOW) = 21800 kg (CG REAR 27.0% CMA) Ground Servicing Connections Figure 5.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-8 May11/07 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.5. ENGINE STARTING PNEUMATIC REQUIREMENTS TABLE 1 − PNEUMATIC ENGINE START REQUIREMENTS Altitude Ambient Minimum Minimum Minimum ft Temp °F Pressure psia Temp °F Flow lb/min SL −40 48.0 349 95.1 SL 59 43.7 443 82.0 SL 120 40.7 505 73.7 9000 −40 37.7 350 74.5 9000 23 30.0 409 57.3 9000 86 28.9 474 53.4 13,000 −40 36.0 352 71.3 13,000 12 27.2 399 52.2 13,000 71 26.7 458 49.6 15,000 −40 32.9 352 66.6 15,000 5 25.3 392 49.0 15,000 59 24.4 446 46.1 EM170APM050030A.DGN Engine Starting Pneumatic Requirements Figure 5.6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-9 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.6. GROUNDPNEUMATICPOWERREQUIREMENTS 25 80 20 70 15 60 10 50 HEATING 5 40 Initial cabin temp: −32°C (−25°F) Outside air temp: −40°C (−40°F) 0 Relative Humidity: 0% 30 No crew or passengers −5 No other heat load 20 Bleed air from APU: −10 87 kg/min. (192.0 lb/min.) 10 452 kPa (65.5 psia) −15 2 operating packs (ECS) CABIN TEMPERATURE (°C)CABIN TEMPERATURE (°F)0 −20 −25 −10 −30 −20 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TIME TO HEAT CABIN − min. 120 45 110 COOLING 40 100 Initial cabin temp: 47°C (116°F) Outside air temp: 40°C (104°F) 35 Relative Humidity: 40% No crew or passengers 90 No other heat load 30 Bleed air from APU: 56 kg/min. (122.9 lb/min.) 413 kPa (59.9 psia) 80 2 operating packs (ECS) 25 CABIN TEMPERATURE (°C)CABIN TEMPERATURE (°F) 20 70 60 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 TIME TO COOL CABIN − min. EM170APM050007B.DGN Ground Pneumatic Power Requirements Figure 5.7 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-10 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.7. PRECONDITIONEDAIRFLOWREQUIREMENTS This subsection presents the following information: • The air conditioning requirements for heating and cooling using ground conditioned air. The curves show airflow requirements to heat or cool the aircraft at ambient conditions within a given time. • The air conditioning heating and cooling requirements to maintain a constant cabin air temperature using low-pressure conditioned air. This conditioned air is supplied through a ground air connection directly to the passenger cabin, bypassing the air cycle machines. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-11 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL [lbm/min] PRE−CONDITIONED AIRFLOW REQUIREMENTS 150 [kg/min] 1 55 140 60 120 2 16 50 4 12 100 10 40 3 6 5 80 TOTAL AIRFLOW30 5 60 20 40 1 10 20 0 0 PRESSURE AT GROUND CONNECTION (INCHES OF WATER) −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 [°C] [°F] 30 50 70 90 110 120 AIR SUPPLY TEMPERATURE LEGEND: 1 CABIN AT 24°C (74°F), 97 OCCUPANTS, NOTES: BRIGHT DAY (SOLAR IRRADIATION), MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE TEMPERATURE 88°C (190°F) 39°C (103°F) DAY. (UPPER LIMIT DURING PULL UP OPERATION). 2 SAME AS 1 EXCEPT CABIN 27°C (81°F) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE AT GROUND CONNECTION 203mmH20 (8 INCHES OF WATER). 3 SAME AS 1 EXCEPT CABIN 24°C (74°F), NO CABIN OCCUPANTS, FOUR CREWS MEMBERS ONLY. 4 CABIN AT 24°C (74°F), NO CABIN OCCUPANTS, FOUR CREW MEMBERS ONLY, OVERCAST DAY (NO SOLAR IRRADIATION), −40°C (−40°F) DAY. 5 SAME AS 4 EXCEPT −29°C (−20°F) DAY. 6 SAME AS 4 EXCEPT −18°C (−0°F) DAY. EM170MFEP040069B.DGN Preconditioned Airflow Requirements Figure 5.8 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-12 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.8. GROUNDTOWINGREQUIREMENTS 5 38000 (83775)36000 (79366)34000 (74957)32000 (70547)30000 (66138)28000 (61729)26000 (57320)24000 (52910)22000 (48501)20000 (44092) 4 3 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT − kg (lb) 2 PERCENT SLOPE (%) 1 0 REFERENCE LINE 2 1 NUMBER OFENGINES IDLE THRUST 0 BACKING AGAINST 5000(11023) GROUND TOWING REQUIREMENTSWET ASPHALT =0.75 ICE =0.054000 (8818) ASPHALT =0.8WET CONCRETE =0.57SNOW CHAINS =0.45HARD SNOW =0.2 DRY CONCRETE OR 3000(6614) (DRAWBAR PULL) 2000(4409) TOTAL TRACTION WHEEL − kg (lb) 1000(2204) NOTES: − STRAIGHT−LINE TOW− UNUSUAL BREAKAWAY CONDITIONS NOT SHOWN− COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION ( ) ARE ESTIMATED FOR RUBBER−TIRED TOW VEHICLES0 0 3000(6614) 2000(4409) 1000(2204) TOWBAR PULL − kg (lb) EM170APM050004A.DGN Ground Towing Requirements Figure 5.9 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-13 / 14 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6. OPERATING CONDITIONS This section provides the following information: • The jet engine exhaust velocities and temperatures. • The airport and community noise levels. • The hazard areas. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-1 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6.1. ENGINE EXHAUST VELOCITIES AND TEMPERATURES TAKEOFF POWER, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7°C, FNIN1 = 63685 N (14317 lbf) 5 16 14 A 4 12 B 3 10 C 2 8 Meters 6 D 1 4 F E 2 0 0 04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT, Feet HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE, Feet 024681012141618 Meters 7 24 A B 6 20 C 5 16 D 4 12 F E Meters3 2 8 1 4 0 DISTANCE FROM AIRPLANE CL − Feet0 04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT, Feet 024681012141618 Meters VELOCITY m/s (ft/s) MAX = 482.5 (1583) A 15.2 (50) B 30.5 (100) C 60.9 (200) D 121.9 (400) E 243.8 (800) F 457.2 (1500) NOTE: EXHAUST VELOCITY CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. EM170MFEP010005.DGN Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Takeoff Power Figure 6.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-2 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL TAKEOFF POWER, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7°C, FNIN1 = 63685 N (14317 lbf) 5 16 4 14 A 12 3 10 8 B Meters2 6 1 4 E D C 2 0 0 04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE − Feet 6 024 81012141618 Meters 7 24 A 6 20 5 16 B 4 12 E D C Meters3 2 8 1 4 0 0 DISTANCE FROM AIRPLANE CL − Feet04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet 024681012141618 Meters TOTAL TEMPERATURE MAX = 689°C (1273°F) °C °F A 38 100 B 66 150 C 93 200 D 204 400 E 582 900 NOTE: EXHAUST TEMPERATURE CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND. EM170MFEP010006.DGN Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Takeoff Power Figure 6.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-3 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL GROUND IDLE, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7°C, FNIN1 = 3785 N (851 lbf) 5 16 4 14 12 A 3 10 2 8 Meters 6 B 1 4 D C 2 0 0 04812162024283236404448525660 HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE − FeetDISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet 024681012141618 Meters 7 24 6 20 A 5 16 B 4 D C 12 Meters3 2 8 1 4 0 0 DISTANCE FROM AIRPLANE CL − Feet04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet 024681012141618 Meters VELOCITY m/s (ft/s) MAX = 89.0 (292) A 15.2 (50) B 30.5 (100) C 45.7 (150) D 76.2 (250) NOTE: EXHAUST VELOCITY CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. EM170MFEP010007.DGN Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Ground Idle Figure 6.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-4 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL GROUND IDLE, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7°C, FNIN1 = 3785 N (851 lbf) 5 16 4 14 12 A 3 10 2 8 Meters 6 1 4 E D C B 2 0 0 04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE − Feet 024681012141618 Meters 7 24 6 20 A 5 16 4 12 E D C B Meters3 2 8 1 4 0 0 DISTANCE FROM AIRPLANE CL − Feet04812162024283236404448525660 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet 024681012141618 Meters TOTAL TEMPERATURE MAX = 519°C (966°F) °C °F A 38 100 B 66 150 C 93 200 D 204 400 E 582 900 NOTE: EXHAUST TEMPERATURE CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND. EM170MFEP010008.DGN Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Ground Idle Figure 6.4 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-5 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6 20 5 4 15 A B 3 10 Meters C 2 5 D 1 0 0 C HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE, Feet0210030 4052 60 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT, Feet 024681012141618 Meters 10 30 8 25 A 6 20 B Meters 15 C 4 D 10 2 DISTANCE FROM AIRPLANE CL − Feet5 0 0 0410 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT, Feet VELOCITY m/s (ft/s) MAX = 230.8 (757.3) A 15.2 (50) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 B 30.5 (100) C 60.9 (200) Meters D 121.9 (400) NOTE: EXHAUST VELOCITY CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. EM170APM060006A.DGN Jet Wake Velocity Profile - Breakaway Power Figure 6.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-6 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6 5 20 FED 4 15 3 Meters 10 C 2 1 5 BA 0 HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE − Feet0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 0 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Meters E F D C B 6 20 15 4 A 10 Meters 2 5 0 HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND PLANE − Feet0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 DISTANCE FROM CORE NOZZLE EXIT − Feet TOTAL TEMPERATURE MAX = 495 °C (923 °F) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 °C °F Meters A 38 100 B 66 150 C 93 200 D 121 250 E 149 300 F 177 350 NOTE: EXHAUST TEMPERATURE CONTOURS INCLUDE WORST CASE 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. EM170APM060007A.DGN Jet Wake Temperature Profile - Breakaway Power Figure 6.6 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-7 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6.2. AIRPORT AND COMMUNITY NOISE Aircraft noise is a major concern for the airport and community planner. The airport is a basic element in the community’s transportation system and, thus, is vital to its growth. However, the airport must also be a good neighbor, and this can only be accomplished with proper planning. Since aircraft noise extends beyond the boundaries of the airport, it is vital to consider the noise impact on the surrounding communities. Many means have been devised to provide the planner with a tool to estimate the impact of airport operations. Too often they oversimplify noise to the point where the results become erroneous. Noise is not a simple matter; therefore, there are no simple answers. The cumulative noise contour is an effective tool. However, care must be exercised to ensure that the contours, used correctly, estimate the noise resulting from aircraft operations conducted at an airport. The size and shape of the single-event contours, which are inputs into the cumulative noise contours, are dependent upon numerous factors. They include operational factors (aircraft weight, engine power setting, airport altitude), atmospheric conditions (wind, temperature, relative humidity, surface condition), and terrain. 6.2.1. External Certification Noise Levels Theaircraft comply with the Stage 3 / Chapter 3 noise limits set forth in 14 CFR Part 36, ICAOAnnex 16, Volume 1, Chapter 3, Amendment 7 and CTA RBHA 36. 6.2.2. RampNoise Levels The ramp noise will not exceed 80 dBA (maximum) and 77 dBA (average) on the rectangular perimeter of 20 m (65 ft 7 in) from the aircraft centerline, nose and tail, 90 dBA on the service positions and 80 dBA on the passenger entrance positions resulting from operation of the APU (if fitted), ECS, equipment cooling fans and vent fans, in any combination. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-8 Dec18/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 6.3. HAZARDAREAS TAKEOFF POWER, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7° C, FNIN1 = 63685 N (14317 lbf) 1 132 m (433 ft) ENGINE EXHAUST HAZARD AREA VELOCITY = 65 mph OR GREATER = 29.0 m/s (95.3 ft/s) 2 1.8 m R=4.3 m (6 ft) (14 ft) NOTE: NO ACCESS TO ENGINE ACCESSORIES AT TAKEOFF POWER. 1 EXHAUST HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. 2 INLET HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 kn HEADWIND/CROSSWIND BASED ON 12.2 m/s (40 ft/s) CRITICAL VELOCITY WITH 0.9 m (3 ft) CONTINGENCY FACTOR. EM170MFEP010001A.DGN Hazard Areas - Takeoff Power Figure 6.7 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-9 Jan 09/06 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL GROUND IDLE, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA+16.7° C, FNIN1 = 3785 N (851 lbf) ENGINE EXHAUST HAZARD AREA VELOCITY = 65 mph OR GREATER = 29.0 m/s (95.3 ft/s) 2 26 m (86 ft) 1 2.6 m R=2.5 m (8.6 ft) (8.3 ft) 1 INLET HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 kn HEADWIND/CROSSWIND/TAILWIND BASED ON 12.2 m/s (40 ft/s) CRITICAL VELOCITY WITH 0.9 m (3 ft) CONTINGENCY FACTOR. 2 EXHAUST HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 kn HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. EM170MFEP010002A.DGN Hazard Areas - Ground Idle Figure 6.8 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-10 Oct 07/10 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL BREAKAWAY POWER, SEA LEVEL, Tamb = ISA +16.7° C, FNIN1 = 2328 DAN (5233 lbf) 1 121 m (397 ft) Engine Exhaust Hazard AreaVelocity = 65 MPH or greater= 29.0 M/sec (95.3 ft/sec) 2 1.8 m R= 4.3 m (6.0 ft) (14.0 ft) NOTE: NO ACCESS TO ENGINE ACCESSORIES AT BREAKAWAY POWER. 1 EXHAUST HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 knot HEADWIND WITH GROUND EFFECTS. 2 INLET HAZARD AREA − CONDITION: 20 knot HEADWIND/CROSSWIND BASED ON 40 ft/sec CRITICAL VELOCITY WITH 0.9 m (3 ft) CONTINGENCY FACTOR. EM170APM060011A.DGN Hazard Areas - Breakaway Power Figure 6.9 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 6 Page 6-11 / 12 Oct 07/10 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7. PAVEMENTDATA 7.1. GENERALINFORMATION Pavement is defined as a structure consisting of one or more layers of processed materials. Theprimary function of a pavement is to distribute concentrated loads so that the supporting capacity of the subgrade soil is not exceeded. The subgrade soil is defined as the material on which the pavement rests, whether embankment or excavation. Several methods for design of airport pavements have been developed that differ considerably in their approach. The design methods are derived from observation of pavements in service or experimental pavements. Thus, the reliability of any method is proportional to the amount of experimental verification behind the method, and all methods require a considerable amount of common sense and judgment on the part of the engineer who applies them. Abrief description of the following pavement charts will be helpful in their use for airport planning. Each aircraft configuration is depicted with a minimum range of five loads imposed on the main landing gear to aid in the interpolation between the discrete values shown. The tire pressure used for the aircraft charts will produce the recommended tire deflection with the aircraft loaded to its maximum ramp weight andwith center of gravity position. The tire pressure, where specifically designated in tables and charts, are values obtained under loaded conditions as certified for commercial use. This section is presented as follows: • The basic data on the landing gear footprint configuration, maximum design ramp loads, and tire sizes and pressures. • The maximum pavement loads for certain critical conditions at the tire-ground interfaces. • A chart in order to determine the loads throughout the stability limits of the aircraft at rest on the pavement. Pavement requirements for commercial aircraft are customarily derived from the static analysis of loads imposed on the main landing gear struts. These main landing gear loads are used to enter the pavement design charts which follow, interpolating load values where necessary. • The flexible pavement curves prepared in accordance with the US Army Corps of Engineers Design Method and the LCN Method. • The rigid pavement design curves in accordance with the Portland Cement Association Design Method and the LCN Method. • The aircraft ACN values for flexible and rigid pavements. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-1 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.2. FOOTPRINT AIRCRAFT MODELS STD LR, SU OR SE MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 36150 kg 37360 kg (79697 lb) (82365 lb) NOSE GEAR TIRE SIZE 24 x 7.7 NOSE GEAR TIRE PRESSURE 7.24 ± 0.21 kg/cm ² (103 ± 3 psi) MAIN GEAR TIRE SIZE H38 x 13−18 MAIN GEAR TIRE PRESSURE 8.86 ± 0.7 kg/cm ² 9.14 ± 0.7 kg/cm ² (126 ± 10 psi) (130 ± 10 psi) 0.71 m (2 ft 4 in.) 10.62 m (34 ft 10 in.) 5.2 m (17 ft 1 in.) 0.40 m (1 ft 4 in.) EM170APM070002C.DGN Footprint Figure 7.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-2 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.3. MAXIMUMPAVEMENTLOADS LEGEND: V =MAXIMUM VERTICAL NOSE GEAR GROUND LOAD AT MOST FORWARD C.G. NG V =MAXIMUM VERTICAL MAIN GEAR GROUND LOAD AT MOST FORWARD C.G. MG H=MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL GROUND LOAD FROM BRAKING NOTE: ALL LOADS CALCULATED USING AIRCRAFT MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT H V V NG MG V V (PER STRUT) H(PER STRUT) NG MG MAXIMUM STEADY STEADY INSTANTANEOUS RAMP STATIC AT MOST BRAKING STATIC AT MOST BRAKING BRAKING MODEL WEIGHT FORWARD C.G. WITH AFT C.G. WITH (FRICTION DECELERATION OF DECELERATION OF COEF. OF 0.8) 3,0 m/sec2 3,0 m/sec2 LR, SU 37360 kg 4888 kg 6994 kg 17546 kg 5090 kg 11870 kg OR SE (82365 lb) (10776 lb) (15419 lb) (38682 lb) (11221 lb) (26169 lb) STD 36150 kg 4922 kg 6961 kg 16976 kg 4924 kg 11480 kg (79697 lb) (10851 lb) (15346 lb) (37426 lb) (10855 lb) (25309 lb) EM170APM070013C.DGN Maximum Pavement Loads Figure 7.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-3 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.4. LANDING GEAR LOADING ON PAVEMENT 7 % 11.3 % 27 % % CMA 90000 40000 90000 40000 80000 35000 80000 35000 70000 30000 70000 30000 60000 60000 25000 25000 50000 50000 20000 MOW 20000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT − (kg) WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR (lb)40000WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR (kg) WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR (lb) 40000 15000 15000 30000 30000 10000 20000 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 20000 PERCENT OF WEIGHT ON MAIN GEAR − (%) LEGEND LR, SU OR SE AIRCRAFT MODELS STD AIRCRAFT MODEL EM170APM070014C.DGN Landing Gear Loading on Pavement Figure 7.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-4 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.5. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS, U.S. CORPS OF ENGINEERS DESIGN METHOD The flexible pavement curves are based on the procedures set forth in Instruction Report No. S-77-1, “Procedures for Development of CBR Design Curves”, dated June 1977, and modified according to the methods described in FAA Advisory Circular 150/5320-6D, “Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation”, dated July 7, 1995. Instruction Report No. S-77-1 was prepared by the US Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Soils and Pavements Laboratory, Vicksburg, Mississippi. The line showing 10,000 coverages is used to calculate ACN. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-5 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 NOTES: H 38x13-18 TIRE SIZE - TIRES PRESSURE AT 8.86 kgf/cm (126 psi) SUBGRADE STRENGHT - CBR 3 4 5 78 10 20 30 6 9 WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR (kg) (lb) 33064 (72894) 31400 (69225) 29336 (64675) 26892 (59287) 19398 (42765) 10000 COVERAGES (USED FOR ACN CALCULATIONS) ANNUAL DEPARTURES 1200 3000 6000 15000 25000 3 4 5 67810 20 30 9 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS (in.) 89 20 30 40 50 60 80 10 70 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS (cm) EM170APM070017.DGN Flexible Pavement Requirements - US Army Corps of Engineers Design Method Figure 7.4 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-6 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 NOTES: H38 X 13−18 TIRE SIZE − TIRES PRESSURE AT 9.14 kgf/cm (130 psi) SUBGRADE STRENGHT − CBR 3 4 5 78 10 20 30 6 9 WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR (kg) (lb) 34008 (74975) 32300 (71209) 29328 (64657) 27062 (59661) 19388 (42743) 10000 COVERAGES (USED FOR ACN CALCULATIONS) ANNUAL DEPARTURES 1200 3000 6000 15000 25000 3 4 5 67810 20 30 9 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS (in.) 89 20 30 40 50 60 80 10 70 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS (cm) EM170APM070001A.DGN Flexible Pavement Requirements - US Army Corps of Engineers Design Method Figure 7.5 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-7 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.6. FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS, LCN METHOD The LCN method presents curves for flexible pavements. They have been built using procedures and curves in the ICAOAerodrome Design Manual, Part 3 - Pavements, Document 9157-AN/901, 1983. The same chart includes the data of equivalent single-wheel load versus pavement thickness. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-8 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 TIRES H38x13-18 AT 8.86 kg/cm (126 psi) 40000 WEIGHT ON MAIN 16000 LANDING GEAR 14000 30000 kg (lb) 12000 33064 (72894) 10000 20000 31400 (69225) 29336 (64675) 26892 (59287) 8000 19398 (42765) 6000 EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD - (lb)10000 EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD - (kg) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 708090 10 20 30 40 100 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS - h (cm) 100 LCN - LOAD CLASSIFICATION NUMBER 5 7 89 20 30 2 346 10 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS - h (in.) NOTES: EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOADS ARE DERIVED BY METHODS SHOWN IN ICAO AERODROME MANUAL. PART 2, PAR. 4.1.3 EM170APM070018.DGN Flexible Pavement Requirements - LCN Method Figure 7.6 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-9 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 TIRES H38x13−18 AT 9.14 kg/cm (130 psi) 40000 WEIGHT ON MAIN 16000 30000 LANDING GEAR 32300 (71209) 14000 kg (lb) 12000 34008 (74975) 10000 20000 29328 (64657) 27062 (59661) 8000 19388 (42743) 6000 10000 4 5 6 7 8 910 20 30 40 50 60 70 8090 10 20 30 40 50 100 EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (lb)FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS − h (cm) 100 LCN − LOAD CLASSIFICATION NUMBER EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (kg) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 20 30 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT THICKNESS − h (in.) NOTES: EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOADS ARE DERIVED BY METHODS SHOWN IN ICAO AERODROME MANUAL. PART 2, PAR. 4.1.3 EM170APM070012A.DGN Flexible Pavement Requirements - LCN Method Figure 7.7 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-10 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.7. RIGID PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS, PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION DESIGN METHOD This method has a chart that has been prepared with the use of the Westergaard Equation in general accordance with the procedures outlined in the 1955 edition of “Design of Concrete Airport Pavement” published by the Portland Cement Association, 33 W. Grand Ave., Chicago 10, Illinois, but modified to the new format described in the 1968 Portland Cement Association publication, “Computer Program for Concrete Airport Pavement Design” by Robert G. Packard. The following procedure is used to develop rigid pavement design curves such as those shown in the chart: • Oncethescaleforthepavementthicknesstotheleftandthescaleforallowableworkingstresstothe right have been established, an arbitrary load line is drawn representing the main landing gear maximum weight to be shown. • All values of the subgrade modulus (k-values) are then plotted. • Additional load lines for the incremental values of weight on the main landing gear are then established on the basis of the curve for k=300, already established. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-11 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL ALLOWABLE WORKING STRESS - psi EM170APM070020.DGN 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2 ALLOWABLE WORKING STRESS - kgf/cm 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 k= 75 lb/in 33064 (72894) 31400 (69225) 29336 (64675) 26892 (59287) 19398 (42765) 3 k= 150 lb/in 3 k= 300 lb/in 3 k= 550 lb/in 2 WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR - kg (lb) TIRES H38 x 13-18TIRE PRESSURE 8.86 kgf/cm (126 psi) (UNLOADED) RIGID PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS NOTES: WEIGHT AND AFT C.G. MAXIMUM POSSIBLE MAIN-GEARLOAD AT MAXIMUM DESIGN RAMP 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 THE VALUES OBTAINED BY USING THEMAXIMUM LOAD REFERENCE LINE ANDANY VALUE OF "K" ARE EXACT. FORLOADS LESS THAN MAXIMUM, THE CURVESARE EXACT FOR K=300 BUT DEVIATESLIGHTLY FOR OTHER VALUES OF "K". PAVEMENT THICKNESS (cm) 8 6 4 2 0 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 PAVEMENT THICKNESS (in.) NOTE: Rigid Pavement Requirements - Portland Cement Association Design Method Figure 7.8 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-12 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL ALLOWABLE WORKING STRESS (psi) EM170APM070010.DGN 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2 ALLOWABLE WORKING STRESS (kgf/cm ) 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 3 k= 75 lb/in 34008 (74975) 32300 (71209) 29328 (64657) 27062 (59661) 19388 (42743) 3 k= 150 lb/in 3 k= 300 lb/in 3 k= 550 lb/in 2 WEIGHT ON MAIN LANDING GEAR - kg (lb) TIRES H38 x 13-18TIRE PRESSURE 9.14 kgf/cm (130 psi) (UNLOADED) RIGID PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS NOTES: WEIGHT AND AFT C.G. MAXIMUM POSSIBLE MAIN-GEARLOAD AT MAXIMUM DESIGN RAMP 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 THE VALUES OBTAINED BY USING THEMAXIMUM LOAD REFERENCE LINE ANDANY VALUE OF "K" ARE EXACT. FORLOADS LESS THAN MAXIMUM, THE CURVESARE EXACT FOR K=300 BUT DEVIATESLIGHTLY FOR OTHER VALUES OF "K". PAVEMENT THICKNESS (cm) 8 6 4 2 0 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 PAVEMENT THICKNESS (in.) NOTE: Rigid Pavement Requirements - Portland Cement Association Design Method Figure 7.9 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-13 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.8. RIGID PAVEMENT REQUIREMENTS, LCN METHOD This LCN Method presents curves for rigid pavements. They have been built using procedures and curves in ICAO Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 3 - Pavements, Document 9157-AN/901, 1983. The same chart includes the data of equivalent single-wheel load versus radius of relative stiffness. To determine the aircraft weight that can be accommodated on a particular rigid airport pavement, both the LCN of the pavement and the radius of relative stiffness must be known. The radius of relative stiffness values is obtained from a table. This table presents the radius of relative stiffness values based on Young’s modulus (E) of 4,000,000 psi and Poisson’s ratio (µ) of 0.15. For convenience in finding this radius based on other values of E and µ, the curves are included. For example, to find an RRS value based on an E of 3,000,000 psi, the “E” factor of 0.931 is multiplied by the RRS value found in figure 7.6.3. The effect of the variations of µ on the RRS value is treated in a similar manner. EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-14 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RADIUS OF RELATIVE STIFFNESS ( ) VALUES IN INCHES = 4 Ed3 =24.1652 4 d3 2 12( 1− )k k 6 WHERE: E = YOUNG’S MODULUS = 4 x 10 psi 3 k = SUBGRADE MODULUS, lb/in. d = RIGID−PAVEMENT THICKNESS. in. = POISSON’S RATIO = 0.15 d(in) k=75 k=100 k=150 k=200 k=250 k=300 k=350 k=400 k=500 k=550 6.0 31.48 29.30 26.47 24.63 23.30 22.26 21.42 20.72 19.59 19.13 6.5 33.43 31.11 28.11 26.16 24.74 23.64 22.74 22.00 20.80 20.31 7.0 35.34 32.89 29.72 27.65 26.15 24.99 24.04 23.25 21.99 21.47 7.5 37.22 34.63 31.29 29.12 27.54 26.32 25.32 24.49 23.16 22.61 8.0 39.06 36.35 32.85 30.57 28.91 27.62 26.58 25.70 24.31 23.74 8.5 40.88 38.04 34.37 31.99 30.25 28.91 27.81 26.90 25.44 24.84 9.0 42.67 39.71 35.88 33.39 31.58 30.17 29.03 28.08 26.55 25.93 9.5 44.43 41.35 37.36 34.77 32.89 31.42 30.23 29.24 27.65 27.00 10.0 46.18 42.97 38.83 36.14 34.17 32.65 31.42 30.39 28.74 28.06 10.5 47.90 44.57 40.28 37.48 35.45 33.87 32.59 31.52 29.81 29.11 11.0 49.60 46.16 41.71 38.81 36.71 35.07 33.75 32.64 30.87 30.14 11.5 51.28 47.72 43.12 40.13 37.95 36.26 34.89 33.74 31.91 31.16 12.0 52.94 49.27 44.52 41.43 39.18 37.44 36.02 34.84 32.95 32.17 12.5 54.59 50.80 45.90 42.72 40.40 38.60 37.14 35.92 33.97 33.17 13.0 56.22 52.32 47.27 43.99 41.61 39.75 38.25 36.99 34.99 34.16 13.5 57.83 53.82 48.63 45.26 42.80 40.89 39.35 38.06 35.99 35.14 14.0 59.43 55.31 49.98 46.51 43.98 42.02 40.44 39.11 36.99 36.12 14.5 61.02 56.78 51.31 47.75 45.16 43.15 41.51 40.15 37.97 37.08 15.0 62.59 58.25 52.63 48.98 46.32 44.26 42.58 41.19 38.95 38.03 15.5 64.15 59.70 53.94 50.20 47.47 45.36 43.64 42.21 39.92 38.98 16.0 65.69 61.13 55.24 51.41 48.62 46.45 44.70 43.23 40.88 39.92 16.5 67.23 62.56 56.53 52.61 49.75 47.54 45.74 44.24 41.84 40.85 17.0 68.75 63.98 57.81 53.80 50.88 48.61 46.77 45.24 42.78 41.78 17.5 70.26 65.38 59.08 54.98 52.00 49.68 47.80 46.23 43.72 42.70 18.0 71.76 66.78 60.34 56.15 53.11 50.74 48.82 47.22 44.66 43.61 18.5 73.25 68.17 61.60 57.32 54.21 51.80 49.84 48.20 45.59 44.51 19.0 74.73 69.54 62.84 58.48 55.31 52.84 50.84 49.17 46.51 45.41 19.5 76.20 70.91 64.08 59.63 56.39 53.88 51.84 50.14 47.42 46.30 20.0 77.66 72.27 65.30 60.77 57.47 54.91 52.84 51.10 48.33 47.19 20.5 79.11 73.62 66.52 61.91 58.55 55.94 53.83 52.06 49.23 48.07 21.0 80.55 74.96 67.74 63.04 59.62 56.96 54.81 53.01 50.13 48.95 21.5 81.99 76.30 68.94 64.16 60.68 57.97 55.78 53.95 51.02 49.82 22.0 83.41 77.63 70.14 65.28 61.73 58.98 56.75 54.89 51.91 50.69 22.5 84.83 78.95 71.34 66.38 62.78 59.99 57.72 55.82 52.79 51.55 23.0 86.24 80.26 72.52 67.49 63.83 60.98 58.68 56.75 53.67 52.41 23.5 87.64 81.56 73.70 68.59 64.86 61.97 59.63 57.67 54.54 53.26 24.0 89.04 82.86 74.87 69.68 65.90 62.96 60.58 58.59 55.41 54.11 24.5 90.43 84.15 76.04 70.76 66.92 63.94 61.52 59.50 56.28 54.95 25.0 91.81 85.44 77.20 71.84 67.95 64.92 62.46 60.41 57.14 55.79 EM170APM070007.DGN Radius of Relative Stiffness Figure 7.10 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-15 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1.10 EFFECT OF E ON −VALUES 1.05 1.00 0.95 E FACTOR 0.90 0.85 0.80 0 012345 6 E, YOUNG’S MODULUS (10 ,PSI) 1.015 EFFECT OF ON −VALUES 1.010 1.005 FACTOR 1.000 0.995 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 , POISSON’S RATIO NOTE: BOTH CURVES ON THIS PAGE ARE USED TO ADJUST THE −VALUES. EM170APM070008.DGN Radius of Relative Stiffness (other values) Figure 7.11 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-16 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 TIRES H38x13−18 AT 8.86 kg/cm (126 psi) 40000 17000 WEIGHT ON MAIN 15000 30000 LANDING GEAR 13000 kg (lb) 33064 (72894) 31400 (69225) 29336 (64675) 10000 20000 26892 (59287) 9000 8000 19398 (42765) 7000 6000 EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (lb) EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (kg) 5000 10000 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 200 300 10 20 30 40 RADIUS OF RELATIVE STIFFNESS − (cm) LCN − LOAD CLASSIFICATION NUMBER 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100 RADIUS OF RELATIVE STIFFNESS − (in.) NOTES: EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOADS ARE DERIVED BY METHODS SHOWN IN ICAO AERODROME MANUAL. PART 2, PAR. 4.1.3 EM170APM070019A.DGN Rigid Pavement Requirements - LCN Method Figure 7.12 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-17 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 2 TIRES H38x13−18 AT 9.14 kg/cm (130 psi) 40000 WEIGHT ON MAIN 16000 LANDING GEAR kg (lb) 14000 30000 12000 34008 (74975) 10000 20000 32300 (71209) 29328 (64657) 27062 (59661) 8000 19388 (42743) 6000 EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (lb) EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOAD − (kg) 10000 40 50 60 70 8090100 200 30010 20 30 40 RADIUS OF RELATIVE STIFFNESS − (cm) LCN − LOAD CLASSIFICATION NUMBER 20 30 40 50 60 708090100 RADIUS OF RELATIVE STIFFNESS − (in.) NOTES: EQUIVALENT SINGLE WHEEL LOADS ARE DERIVED BY METHODS SHOWN IN ICAO AERODROME MANUAL. PART 2, PAR. 4.1.3 EM170APM070011A.DGN Rigid Pavement Requirements - LCN Method Figure 7.13 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-18 Jul 01/05 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 7.9. ACN-PCNSYSTEM-FLEXIBLEANDRIGIDPAVEMENTS The ACN/PCN system as referenced in Amendment 35 to ICAO Annex 14, “Aerodromes”, provides a standardized international aircraft/pavement rating system. The PCN is an index rating of the mass that according to evaluation can be borne by the pavement when applied by a standard single wheel. The ACN is established for the particular pavement type and subgrade category of the rated pavement, as well as for the particular aircraft mass and characteristics. An aircraft shall have an ACN equal to or less than the PCN to operate without restriction on the pavement. The method of pavement evaluation is left up to the airport, and the results of such evaluation are presented as follows: Table 7.1 - Pavement Evaluation PAVEMENT SUBGRADECATEGORY TIRE PRESSURE CATEGORY METHOD TYPE R–Rigid A–High W–NoLimit T – Technical F – Flexible B–Medium X–to1.5 Mpa (217 psi) U–Using aircraft C–Low Y–to1.0 Mpa (145 psi) D–Ultra Low Z – to 0.5 Mpa (73 psi) Report example: PCN 80/R/B/X/T, where: 80 = PCN R=PavementType: Rigid B=Subgrade Category: Medium X=Tire Pressure Category: Medium (limited to 1.5 Mpa) T=Evaluation Method: Technical The flexible pavements have four subgrade categories: A. High Strength - CBR 15. B. Medium Strength - CBR 10. C. Low Strength - CBR 6. D. Ultra Low Strength - CBR 3. The rigid pavements have four subgrade categories: 3 3 A. High Strength - Subgrade k = 150 MN/m (550 lb/in ). 3 3 B. Medium Strength - k = 80 MN/m (300 lb/in ). 3 3 C. Low Strength - k = 40 MN/m (150 lb/in ). 3 3 D. Ultra Low Strength - k = 20 MN/m (75 lb/in ). EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 7 Page 7-19 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SUBGRADE NOTES: H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE 2 TIRE PRESSURE 8.86 kgf/cm (126 psi) (UNLOADED) 30 SBGRADE STRENGTH ULTRA LOW − CBR=3% 25 LOW − CBR=6% MEDIUM−CBR=10% HIGH−CBR=15% 20 15 10 5 MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT AIRCRAFT CLASSIFICATION NUMBER−ACN 0 22000 24000 30000 34000 20000 26000 28000 32000 36000 38000 36150 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 44000 48000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 84000 52000 56000 80000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070016A.DGN ACNFor Flexible Pavement Figure 7.14 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-20 Dec08/03 b-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SUBGRADE NOTES: H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE 2 TIRE PRESSURE 9.14 kgf/cm (130 psi) (UNLOADED) 45 40 SBGRADE STRENGTH 35 ULTRAQ LOW − CBR=3% LOW − CBR=6% MEDIUM−CBR=10% HIGH−CBR=15% 25 20 15 10 AIRCRAFT CLASSIFICATION NUMBER−ACN5 MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 0 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 37360 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070004A.DGN ACNFor Flexible Pavement Figure 7.15 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-21 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT SUBGRADE NOTES: H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE 2 TIRE PRESSURE 9.56 kgf/cm (136 psi) (UNLOADED) 45 40 SBGRADE STRENGTH 35 ULTRAQ LOW − CBR=3% LOW − CBR=6% MEDIUM−CBR=10% HIGH−CBR=15% 25 20 15 ACN − FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT10 5 MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 0 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 39000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 38760 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 86000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070096A.DGN ACNFor Flexible Pavement Figure 7.16 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170ARACFT MODEL Section 7 Page 7-22 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RIGID PAVEMENT SUBGRADES NOTES: H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE 2 TIRE PRESSURE 8.86 kgf/cm (126 psi) (UNLOADED) 30 25 20 15 10 3 3 ULTRA LOW−k=20 MN/m (75 lb/in ) 3 3 LOW−k=40 MN/m (150 lb/in ) 3 3 MEDIUM−k=80 MN/m (300 lb/in ) 5 3 3 HIGH−k=150 MN/m (550 lb/in ) AIRCRAFT CLASSIFICATION NUMBER−ACN MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 0 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 36150 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070015A.DGN ACNFor Rigid Pavement Figure 7.17 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170 STD ACFT Section 7 MODEL Page 7-23 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RIGID PAVEMENT SUBGRADES NOTES: H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE 2 TIRE PRESSURE 9.14 kgf/cm (130 psi) (UNLOADED) 25 20 15 3 3 ULTRA LOW−k=20 MN/m (75 lb/in ) 10 3 3 LOW−k=40 MN/m (150 lb/in ) 3 3 MEDIUM−k=80 MN/m (300 lb/in ) 3 3 HIGH−k=150 MN/m (550 lb/in ) 5 AIRCRAFT CLASSIFICATION NUMBER−ACN MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 0 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 37360 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070003A.DGN ACNFor Rigid Pavement Figure 7.18 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER170LRORSUORSE Section 7 ACFTMODEL Page 7-24 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL RIGID PAVEMENT SUBGRADES H38 x 13−18 TIRE SIZE NOTES: 2 TIRE PRESSURE 9.56 kgf/cm (136 psi) (UNLOADED) 45 40 30 25 20 15 ACN − FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT10 3 3 ULTRA LOW−k=20 MN/m (75 lb/in ) 3 3 LOW−k=40 MN/m (150 lb/in ) 3 3 MEDIUM−k=80 MN/m (300 lb/in ) 5 3 3 HIGH−k=150 MN/m (550 lb/in ) MAXIMUM RAMP WEIGHT 0 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 39000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−kg 38760 44000 48000 52000 56000 60000 64000 68000 72000 76000 80000 84000 86000 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT−lb EM170APM070097A.DGN ACNFor Rigid Pavement Figure 7.19 EFFECTIVITY: EMBRAER 170ARACFT MODEL Section 7 Page 7-25 / 26 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 8. POSSIBLE EMBRAER 170 DERIVATIVEAIRCRAFT 8.1. NOTAPPLICABLE EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 8 Page 8-1 / 2 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 9. SCALEDDRAWINGS 9.1. GENERAL This section provides plan views to the following scales: • English/American Customary Weights and Measures 1 inch = 32 feet 1 inch = 50 feet 1 inch = 100 feet • Metric 1:500 1:1000 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-1 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 14 12 7 13 4 10 3 9 8 11 11 6 10 13 14 2 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 m 01632 64 48 80 ft WING SPAN: 25.99 m (85 ft 3 in.) ITEM DESCRIPTION ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 8 PRESSURE REFUELING / DEFUELING 2 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 9 GROUNDING POINT (RIGHT MLG) 3 ENGINE AIR STARTING 10 CARGO DOOR 4 AIR CONDITIONING LOW PRESSURE 11 MAIN LANDING GEAR 5 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 12 NOSE LANDING GEAR 6 POTABLE WATER SERVICING PANEL 13 PASSENGER DOOR 7 OXYGEN REFILL / REPLACE BOTTLE 14 SERVICE DOOR EM170APM090001.DGN Scale: 1 Inch Equals 32 Feet Figure 9.1 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-2 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 12 13 14 4 7 3 10 11 9 8 11 6 10 13 14 2 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 m 01632 64 48 80 ft WING SPAN: 25.99 m (85 ft 3 in.) ITEM DESCRIPTION ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 8 PRESSURE REFUELING / DEFUELING 2 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 9 GROUNDING POINT (RIGHT MLG) 3 ENGINE AIR STARTING 10 CARGO DOOR 4 AIR CONDITIONING LOW PRESSURE 11 MAIN LANDING GEAR 5 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 12 NOSE LANDING GEAR 6 POTABLE WATER SERVICING PANEL 13 PASSENGER DOOR 7 OXYGEN REFILL / REPLACE BOTTLE 14 SERVICE DOOR EM170APM090002.DGN Scale: 1 Inch Equals 50 Feet Figure 9.2 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-3 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 12 14 13 7 34 10 11 9 8 13 6 10 11 2 5 14 0 5 10 15 20 25 m 01632 64 48 80 ft WING SPAN: 25.99 m (85 ft 3 in.) ITEM DESCRIPTION ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 8 PRESSURE REFUELING / DEFUELING 2 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 9 GROUNDING POINT (RIGHT MLG) 3 ENGINE AIR STARTING 10 CARGO DOOR 4 AIR CONDITIONING LOW PRESSURE 11 MAIN LANDING GEAR 5 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 12 NOSE LANDING GEAR 6 POTABLE WATER SERVICING PANEL 13 PASSENGER DOOR 7 OXYGEN REFILL / REPLACE BOTTLE 14 SERVICE DOOR EM170APM090003.DGN Scale: 1 Inch Equals 100 Feet Figure 9.3 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-4 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 12 14 13 7 4 10 3 11 9 8 11 6 10 13 14 2 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 m 01632 64 48 80 ft WING SPAN: 25.99 m (85 ft 3 in.) ITEM DESCRIPTION ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 8 PRESSURE REFUELING / DEFUELING 2 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 9 GROUNDING POINT (RIGHT MLG) 3 ENGINE AIR STARTING 10 CARGO DOOR 4 AIR CONDITIONING LOW PRESSURE 11 MAIN LANDING GEAR 5 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 12 NOSE LANDING GEAR 6 POTABLE WATER SERVICING PANEL 13 PASSENGER DOOR 7 OXYGEN REFILL / REPLACE BOTTLE 14 SERVICE DOOR EM170APM090004.DGN Scale: 1 to 500 Figure 9.4 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-5 Dec08/03 w-apm1346
AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 1 12 14 13 7 4 10 3 9 11 8 6 1011 132 5 14 5101520 0 25 50 m 01632 64 48 80 ft WING SPAN: 25.99 m (85 ft 3 in.) ITEM DESCRIPTION ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 115 VAC 8 PRESSURE REFUELING / DEFUELING 2 EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY 28 VDC 9 GROUNDING POINT (RIGHT MLG) 3 ENGINE AIR STARTING 10 CARGO DOOR 4 AIR CONDITIONING LOW PRESSURE 11 MAIN LANDING GEAR 5 WASTE SERVICING PANEL 12 NOSE LANDING GEAR 6 POTABLE WATER SERVICING PANEL 13 PASSENGER DOOR 7 OXYGEN REFILL / REPLACE BOTTLE 14 SERVICE DOOR EM170APM090005.DGN Scale: 1 to 1000 Figure 9.5 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 9 Page 9-6 Dec08/03 w-apm1346