AIRPORT PLANNING MANUAL 5.8. GROUNDTOWINGREQUIREMENTS 5 38000 (83775)36000 (79366)34000 (74957)32000 (70547)30000 (66138)28000 (61729)26000 (57320)24000 (52910)22000 (48501)20000 (44092) 4 3 AIRCRAFT GROSS WEIGHT − kg (lb) 2 PERCENT SLOPE (%) 1 0 REFERENCE LINE 2 1 NUMBER OFENGINES IDLE THRUST 0 BACKING AGAINST 5000(11023) GROUND TOWING REQUIREMENTSWET ASPHALT =0.75 ICE =0.054000 (8818) ASPHALT =0.8WET CONCRETE =0.57SNOW CHAINS =0.45HARD SNOW =0.2 DRY CONCRETE OR 3000(6614) (DRAWBAR PULL) 2000(4409) TOTAL TRACTION WHEEL − kg (lb) 1000(2204) NOTES: − STRAIGHT−LINE TOW− UNUSUAL BREAKAWAY CONDITIONS NOT SHOWN− COEFFICIENTS OF FRICTION ( ) ARE ESTIMATED FOR RUBBER−TIRED TOW VEHICLES0 0 3000(6614) 2000(4409) 1000(2204) TOWBAR PULL − kg (lb) EM170APM050004A.DGN Ground Towing Requirements Figure 5.9 EFFECTIVITY: ALL Section 5 Page 5-13 / 14 Oct 06/11 w-apm1346